校园欺凌者的情绪认知重评与表达抑制：特点、脑机制与干预策略

School bullying has a high prevalence in adolescent, with serious outcome for adolescents’ physical and mental health and bad social influence. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore the behavior mechanism of school bullying. The ability of emotion regulation is closely related to mental health of adolescents, in which the most commonly used and effective strategies are cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. It is known that there is a certain correlation between emotion regulation and aggressive behavior, but there is a lack of research on the emotional regulation strategies used by school bullies. This study intends to explore the characteristics and neural mechanism of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression of the school bullies using questionnaires, and the combination of high temporal resolution ERP and high spatial resolution fMRI. Furthermore, based on the previous research results, using the self-reported emotion regulation strategies and neural index as the evaluation index, we will implement a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of emotion regulation training for cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The study aims to provide theoretical and practical basis for the promotion of adolescents’ emotion regulation ability, the reduction of bullying behavior and the improvement of their mental health.

校园欺凌在青春期频发，对青少年身心健康造成的后果严重，带来恶劣的社会影响，因此校园欺凌者的行为机制值得深入探讨。情绪调节与青少年的心理健康密切相关，最常用和最为有效的情绪调整策略为认知重评和表达抑制。已知情绪调节问题与攻击行为存在一定的相关性，而目前研究缺乏对校园欺凌者惯用的情绪调节策略的探讨，针对其情绪调节相关脑神经机制的研究更少。本研究拟通过问卷调查法、结合高时间分辨率的ERP技术和高空间分辨率的fMRI技术对校园欺凌者的认知重评和表达抑制特点及其脑神经机制进行探讨。进一步的，在此基础上，以自我报告情绪调节策略和神经指标作为评估指标，实施随机对照试验检验认知重评和表达抑制训练项目的有效性。本项目拟通过对校园欺凌者情绪调节特点及其神经机制的深入探讨，以期为促进青少年情绪调节能力、减少其欺凌行为、提高其心理健康水平提供理论和实践依据。

校园欺凌在青春期频发，对青少年身心健康造成的后果严重，社会影响恶劣，对校园欺凌者的行为机制进行探讨已成为多年来的热点。本研究关注校园欺凌者的认知重评和表达抑制这两种重要的情绪调节策略，探讨其神经机制及生理特点，同时探索如果通过改善其情绪调节策略以减少其欺凌行为。本研究发现校园欺凌者更多采用表达抑制的情绪调节策略，而认知重评有待进一步提高。两者均有其特定的脑区激活和功能连接，其中校园欺凌者在进行表达抑制情绪调节时杏仁核、外侧前额叶皮质等脑区激活较为强烈，LPP波幅与其显著相关。我们也初步验证了认知重评干预项目对改善校园欺凌者的情绪调节有一定的效果。同时我们还探索了校园欺凌中旁观者的行为及其影响因素，发现学校环境、家庭关系、同伴关系、被欺凌经历等重要因素与其帮助行为相关。本研究结果为促进青少年情绪调节能力、减少其欺凌行为、提高其心理健康水平提供了一定的理论和实践依据。