基于全成本节点电价的智能电网规划和运行理论与方法研究

This project aims to propose a price theory, demand response methods and related power system operation and planning theory and methods. The price theory can be used to boost the spatial and temporal interaction among power sources, power grids and loads. First, the valid transmission investment is distinguished, then the valid fixed cost of power grids is categorized into valid transmission cost and valid reliability cost. Second, according to the grid assets usage of the sources and loads at different nodes and periods, the valid fixed cost of power grids is allocated to different nodes and periods. The nodal price with overall cost (NPOC) is then formulated combined with generating costs, congestion costs and variable transmission costs. Third, the long-term, mid-term and short-term demand response models are presented based on the method of cost-benefit and response pattern identification. Then new modes, models and methods, which are based on NPOC and the long-term, mid-term and short-term demand response models, are proposed for smart grid operation, transmission planning and generation expansion. Finally, a scientific and fair method for calculating the wheeling cost is proposed, which can be applied in various electricity trade modes. In this project, the NPOC with significant difference among different nodes and periods, will boost the spatial and temporal interaction between grids and loads, between grids and sources, and between sources and loads. Additionally,the rational spatial distribution and temporal demand-supply balance among power sources, power grids and loads will be achieved. This will significantly promote the transmission investment efficiency, reduce the transmission losses and improve the power system security.

本项目将提出激励电源、电网、负荷在时空尺度上互动的价格理论、需求侧响应方法及其相关的电网运行与规划优化的理论与方法。甄别电网的有效投资，将电网有效固定成本划分为基本输电成本和可靠性输电成本；根据不同时段、不同节点的电源与负荷利用电网资源程度的大小，在时间和空间尺度上将有效电网固定成本分摊到各节点的不同时段，与输电变动成本、阻塞成本、发电成本一起，形成全成本节点电价。基于成本-收益和响应模式辨识的方法，提出长中短期需求响应模型的新方法。提出基于全成本节点电价和长中短期需求响应模型的智能电网调度运行、电网规划、电源规划的新模式、新模型和新方法；提出适应不同电力交易模式、科学、公平的电网过网费的计算方法。本项目以具有显著性差异的全成本节点价格信号激励电源、电网、负荷之间的时空交错互动，以源、网、荷的空间合理布局和时序上供需平衡的契合，全面提升电网投资效率、降低输电网损、提升电网安全稳定运行水平。

本项目提出了激励电源、电网、负荷在时空尺度上互动的价格理论、需求侧响应方法及其相关的电网运行与规划优化的理论与方法。提出了辨识有效容量的输电成本时空分摊方法，充分体现不同空间位置、不同时间的电力负荷对电源和电网资源的利用程度，形成兼顾变动成本和固定成本的全成本节点电价，以完整、合理的价格信号促进源、荷互动的深度和广度，提高电网资产利用效率。提出了基于成本—效益分析的需求响应建模方法以及时空交错、多能融合的需求响应机理，为需求侧资源中长期投资规划提供科学依据。提出了基于全成本节点电价、内嵌需求响应的电网经济调度方法和源-网-荷协同规划方法，通过引导负荷弹性化响应提升系统运行效率、提高电网投资效率。新的理论与方法赋予电网优化运行和投资规划新的内涵，改变以往负荷完全刚性、负荷增长没有承担电网为之所付出的真实成本的不合理方式，激励电源、电网、负荷之间的时空交错互动，以源、网、荷的空间合理布局和时序上供需平衡的契合，提升电网投资效率、降低输电网损、提升电网安全稳定运行水平。