芯片基膜封装的可植入酶燃料电池的构筑及反应机制研究

At present, it's urgent to improve the output voltage of implantable enzymatic fuel cell to match the actual electronic equipment and energy-powered equipment. Although building series battery can effectively improve the output voltage, the key to implement this technology in the body is to Cut off the current loop of the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent batteries avoiding short circuit of in the enzymatic fuel cell system. This project intends to construct integrated series batteries by chip technology and select graphene with high-load enzyme as electrode materials. By packaging chip cell with positively charged nanoporous membrane, the glucose and oxygen in the substrate can selectively penetrated into electrolyzer for redox reaction, while a certain amount of electrolyte ions can be rejected to avoid short circuit current . In this way, thereby the implantable chip enzymatic fuel cell with high output voltage can be obtained. The effect of series mode in chip battery, enzyme catalysts, membrane microstructure and surface properties on the electrochemical performance will be investigated systematically. By modern analytical means and characterization methods, the transport mechanism of electron, ion inside the membrane-packaged microenvironment will be explored. This project provides a new thought and research foundation for resolving the problem of output voltage of implantable enzymatic fuel cell.

当前，可植入酶燃料电池亟待提高其输出电压以匹配实际使用的电子设备与能量输出设备。构筑串联电池可有效提高输出电压，但要在体内实现该技术的关键是截断相邻电池正负极的电流回路以避免酶燃料电池系统短路。本项目拟采用芯片技术构建集成化串联电池，以高负载酶的石墨烯为电极材料，并借助荷正电纳米孔膜封装芯片基电池，使体内底物中的葡萄糖和氧气选择性地渗透到电极槽内并发生氧化还原反应，同时截留部分电解质离子避免造成短路电流，预期获得高输出电压的芯片基可植入酶燃料电池。系统考察芯片电池串联方式、酶催化剂以及膜微结构和表面特性对电化学性能的影响，借助现代分析手段和表征方法，探索膜封装的微环境内电子、离子传输机制，为解决可植入酶燃料电池的电压输出问题提供新的思路和研究基础。

酶燃料电池生物相容性好且能自发将化学能转化为电能，可为可植入电子器件运行提供动力。然而，受热力学影响，其输出电压仍不能满足实际使用的电子设备。本项目提出采用构筑串联的可独立运行的电池组的思路以提高输出电压，采用生物相容性良好的柔性聚合物制作一体集成化电解槽；1 mm厚的导电碳布或碳纳米管为基底固定酶催化剂，制备6*6 mm微型电极；1~1.8 nm左右的纳米孔膜对葡萄糖和氧气以及电解质离子具有较好的选择性渗透和截留。当封装成电池组时，输出电压获得了提升，证明孔可以有效的切断定向离子的流动，从而阻断相邻电极短路电流。为进一步研究可植入酶燃料电池的电压输出问题提供新的思路和研究基础。