畜禽养殖废水典型抗生素在人工湿地中的去除机制及生态安全性研究

Livestock wastewater has caused serious pollution to the environment, its controlment is imperative. However, among the existing treatment process, the removal of residues veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater was used to be neglected, which can produce toxic to the soil microorganisms, aquatic plant and animal, and serious harm to human health through the food chain. Therefore, the widespread used constructed wetland to treat the large scale of piggery wastewater is proposed as the objective of study. Firstly, it is to determine the veterinary antibiotic composition in the swine wastewater and select typical antibiotics as research target through extensive investigation. After through simulation experiment, the antibiotic removal mechanism on key component of constructed wetland is analyzed, also the remove feasibility as well as the impact factors and conditions. On the basis of the results, constructed wetland system to treat antibiotics would be optimized to design. Then we investigate antibiotic removal efficiency, transfer and accumulation in the pilot-scale constructed wetland during the long-term operation. Finally, the microbial community structure changes would be analyzed using the molecular biology techniques as well as antibiotic resistance gene formation in the process of removal antibiotics. The ecological safety would be evaluated by using constructed wetlands and other ecological processes to remove the antibiotics in livestock wastewater from a biological viewpoint.

畜禽养殖废水已对环境造成严重的污染，治理势在必行。然而在现有的处理工艺中，忽略了废水中可对水体中动植物和土壤微生物产生毒害，并通过食物链严重危害人类健康的抗生素成分的去除。因此，本项目以占畜禽养殖业比重较大的规模化养猪场和广泛应用的人工湿地生态处理工艺为研究对象。首先通过广泛调查取证，确定目前规模化养猪场废水中兽用抗生素类药物成分情况，并选用其中典型的抗生素作为研究目标。之后通过静态模拟试验，考察人工湿地中各关键组成对抗生素的去除机理，分析抗生素在人工湿地中去除的可行性以及影响因素和条件，并在此基础上探讨去除养殖废水中抗生素的人工湿地系统优化设计方案。然后考察养殖废水中抗生素在人工湿地系统中的长期处理效果和迁移积累规律。最后采用分子生物学技术研究人工湿地在去除抗生素过程中微生物群落结构变化，以及抗生素抗性基因的形成，从生物学角度评价利用人工湿地等生态工艺去除畜禽废水中抗生素的生态安全性。

畜禽养殖废水已对环境造成严重的污染，治理势在必行。然而在现有的处理工艺中，忽略了废水中可对水体中动植物和土壤微生物产生毒害，并通过食物链严重危害人类健康的抗生素成分的去除。因此，本项目以占畜禽养殖业比重较大的规模化养猪场和广泛应用的人工湿地生态处理工艺为研究对象。项目首先通过广泛调查取证，确定四环素和磺胺类抗生素为目前规模化养猪场废水中主要兽用抗生素类药物成分，并选此两种抗生素作为研究目标。之后通过静态模拟试验，项目考察人工湿地中各关键组成对抗生素的去除效果，从而认定吸附作用是湿地对抗生素去除的主要作用机制。同时，项目分析抗生素在人工湿地中去除的可行性以及影响因素和条件，并在此基础上探讨了去除养殖废水中抗生素的人工湿地系统优化设计方案。最后，项目采用实时荧光定量PCR技术和高通量测序分析技术研究人工湿地在去除抗生素过程中微生物群落结构变化，以及抗生素抗性基因的形成，从生物学角度评价利用人工湿地等生态工艺去除畜禽废水中抗生素的生态安全性。