新型响应性超润湿表面设计制备及其油水分离

Subdivision of superwetting state of material has become an emerging research hotspot in the field of superwetting. The problem of mechanical surface and interface in complex environment can be solved by the conversion of different subdivision of superwetting states under external stimuli. However, the surface prepared at present mainly focuses on the transition between superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic states under the external stimulation. In this project, combined the cropping techniques of micro-/nano-structured surface and preparation techniques of surface chemical, fine regulation is proposed within a narrow range of surface chemistry to develop a novel type of responsive superwetting surface (reversible conversion between superhydrophobicity-underwater superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity-underwater superoleophobicity can be obtained) by selecting the types of hydrophobic and wetting responsive materials with changing their proportion. Further, combined surface preparation and thermodynamic analysis, the relationship between the micro-/nano-structures of surface and contact angle with its hysteresis of the novel responsive superwetting surface is established, and the design criteria for the preparation of the surface were put forward. In addition, according to different needs of separation of oil and water, this project intends to develop a new type of responsive porous surfaces that can be controlled by different oil and water separation methods (filtration and adsorption) under external stimulation conditions. The development of this surface will greatly enrich and perfect the material system of intelligent controllable mechanical surface and interface in a complex environment.

材料表面超润湿状态的细分已成为超润湿领域新兴的研究热点。通过外界刺激调控不同细分的超润湿状态间的转换可以解决复杂环境中的机械表界面问题，但目前制备的表面主要集中在实现超疏水与水下超疏油状态间的外界刺激调控。本项目拟采用表面微纳结构裁剪与表面化学制备技术，通过选取疏水和润湿响应性材料种类，改变二者比例的方式，在狭窄的表面化学范围内精细调控，开发出新型响应性超润湿表面（外界刺激条件下可实现超疏水-水下超亲油性与超疏水-水下超疏油性可逆转换）。同时，本项目将结合表面规整微纳结构制备与热力学理论分析，建立新型响应性超润湿表面微纳结构与接触角及滞后角的构效关系，提出制备新型响应性超润湿表面的微纳米结构设计准则。另外，针对不同的油水分离需求，本项目拟发展在外界刺激条件下不同油水分离方式（过滤和吸附）可调控的新型响应性多孔表面。此表面的开发将极大的丰富和完善复杂环境中智能调控机械表界面材料体系。

多相超润湿材料在界面应用中具有独特的优势，通过外界刺激调控不同细分的超润湿状态间的转换可以解决特殊复杂环境中的机械表界面润湿问题，但目前关于精细调控超润湿表面缺乏系统研究。本项目在狭窄的表面化学范围内精细调控，开发出超疏水-水下超亲油性和超疏水-水下超疏油性精细转换的超润湿表面，多重超疏液状态可控制备和可定制多重超疏液状态的智能转换表面，水中超亲油和超疏油可转换的智能超双疏表面，油下从超亲水到超疏水可控制备的水下超疏油涂层四类新型响应性超疏液材料，丰富了新型超润湿材料体系，为表面微纳米制造和多相超润湿精细操控提供依据。同时新型响应性超疏液多孔材料表面可实现分层油水和乳液的高效按需分离以及润滑油水乳液的润滑油的纯化，解决了复杂的油水分离问题。