海上铰接式基础风力机动力特性研究

The novel articulated support for offshore wind turbines in the 50-100m water depth is proposed and its dynamic characteristics will be studied. The rigid body dynamic model and coupled rigid-flexible dynamic model of the articulated support wind turbine system will be established considering the power operation, The dynamic response of the wind turbine system will also be analyzed under the condition of wind, wave and current coupling with aerodynamic loads. The mechanism of motion instability for the wind turbine system will be revealed in this study. Meanwhile the sensitive analysis of motion to different articulated supporting structure parameters will also be performed. Considering the environmental loads of survival condition, a fully coupled analytical model including blade, nacelle, tower and articulated supporting structure will be put forward to study the analysis theory and method of the wind turbine nonlinear dynamic response. A program will be developed to predict the fully coupled nonlinear dynamic response of the wind turbine system, and the dynamic response characteristics of the wind turbine system under survival condition will be revealed, the dynamic conditions for the failure of the wind turbine system will be obtained under different sea conditions. This study will propose a new style of the articulated support offshore wind turbine and provide a reasonable model and analysis theory for the dynamic response prediction of this new design. The dynamic response characteristics and laws will be revealed for the articulated support offshore wind turbine induced by complex environmental loads. This study lays the important theoretical foundation for the optimization design and assessment under survival condition of the articulated support offshore wind turbine, and has great social and economic benefits for improving our country’s energy structure and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.

本申请针对50-100米水深海域，提出新型铰接式基础风力机并研究其动力特性。基于发电工况，建立铰接式基础风力机系统的刚体动力学模型和刚柔耦合动力学模型，分析风浪流及气动载荷共同作用下的动力响应特性，揭示风力机整体运动的失稳机理，分析风力机系统运动对于不同参数的敏感性；考虑自存状态海洋环境，建立叶片-发电仓-塔架-铰接式基础耦合的分析模型，研究自存状态下全耦合非线性动力响应的分析理论与方法，开发风力机系统全耦合非线性动力响应预报程序，揭示自存状态风力机系统的动力响应特性，得到不同海况下风力机系统失效的动力学条件。本研究将开发新型铰接式基础风力机，为该种风力机的动力响应预报提供合理模型和分析理论，揭示复杂载荷引起的铰接式基础风力机动力响应特点和规律，为海上铰接式基础风力机动力优化设计和自存能力评估奠定重要的理论基础。本研究对于改善我国能源结构、促进生态文明建设具有重大社会意义和经济效益。

风能已经成为二十一世纪重要的能源形式之一，随着风力机大型化和离岸化趋势不断加剧，为获取更优质和更丰富的风能资源，海上风电资源开发已不再局限于浅水海域，不断推进和发展深远海及浮式风电项目已逐渐成为世界主要风电国家的重要方针政策。从地质结构来看，不同于欧美国家，我国的大陆架绵延漫长，沿岸海域水深基本在100m以内且坡度较缓，基于目前海上风电开发的离岸化趋势，同时考虑到我国这样特殊的地质条件和技术背景，开发一种适用于中等过渡水深海域的新型海上风力机结构就显得尤为重要。.本课题针对50米中等作业水深，结合浮式风力机与铰接塔海洋平台结构形式，提出了一种新型顺应式铰接基础风力机概念，采用多目标优化方法完成了铰接基础及塔架结构参数的优化设计研究，考虑塔架及叶片等柔性结构的几何非线性，建立包括叶片、发电机舱，塔架、铰接基础及控制系统等在内的整个风电系统的多体刚-柔耦合非线性动力学模型，在此基础上结合铰接式风力机多物理场载荷计算方法，自主开发了一套适用于海上风力机的时域内气动-水动-地震-结构耦合数值仿真程序。并利用该程序开展了铰接式风力机风、浪、流及地震载荷作用下的数值分析，并针对风力机自存工况及地震工况等极端作业环境，开展了风力机极端运行状态下的运动和载荷响应分析，揭示了铰接式风力机系统在多种载荷作用下的非线性动力特性。研究成果推动了我国中等水深海域风力机概念和优化设计的发展，丰富了海上风力机多物理场下耦合动力行为的作用机理，同时所开发的数值程序也进一步弥补了我国在风力机工业软件领域的不足，为我国中等水深海域风电技术发展提供了理论依据和技术支撑。