跟骨三维形态学参数与踝-后足功能相关性的生物力学机制研究

Calcaneus plays an important role in the stability of ankle-hindfoot, and its anatomic reduction in 3D form is a key of calcaneus fracture operation. However, the shape of calcaneus is complicated with various morphology parameters, and it unclear about how much does the reduction of each parameter impact on the recovery of ankle-hindfoot's function after the calcaneus fracture operation. In order to explicitly know the relationships between each calcaneal 3D morphology parameter and the function of ankle-hindfoot, we design this thesis based on the finite element model of ankle-hindfoot that have been made in our previous research. This program will integrate the traditional biomechanics method and finite analysis technology, and build the cadaver specimens and models of calcaneus fracture successively.Then we organize various parameters with abnormal injury in different degrees through devising various morphology parameters in the models in a scientific and order way, and trialing the models in the dynamic and static tests respectively. After that we start an analysis about the parameters of the dynamic and static injuries of the ankle-hindfoot function, and then a discussion in depth about the laws of each morphology parameter of calcaneus impacting the mechanical stability of ankle-hindfoot. This research is aimed to find out the calcaneus's morphology parameter, which has the closest relationship with the recovery of ankle-hindfoot, and the internal mechanisms of the related parameters that affect the mechanical stability of ankle-hindfoot, thereby we could explore an optimized strategy of complicated calcaneus fracture operation and provide a new theory and equipment clues for the rebuild of ankle-hindfoot function.

跟骨对踝-后足力学的稳定起到重要作用，其三维形态的解剖复位是跟骨骨折手术的关键，但跟骨外形复杂，形态学参数较多，各参数复位对跟骨骨折术后踝-后足功能恢复的贡献程度并不清楚。为明确跟骨各三维形态学参数与踝-后足功能的真实联系，我们在前期研究中已经建立的踝-后足有限元模型的基础上设计了本课题。本项目拟结合传统生物力学方法与有限元分析技术，依次建立跟骨骨折尸体标本和三维有限元数值模型，通过对模型中各个形态参数进行科学的层级化设计，构建各参数不同程度异常的损伤模型，并分别对模型施加动力学和静力学加载，从分析异常参数对踝-后足功能的动、静力学损伤入手，深入探讨跟骨各形态参数影响踝-后足力学稳定性的规律。本研究可望揭示与踝-后足功能恢复相关性最大的跟骨形态学参数，明确相关参数影响踝-后足力学稳定性的内在机理，从而为探索复杂跟骨骨折手术的优化策略和踝-后足功能重建提供新的理论和实验线索。

跟骨对踝-后足的力学稳定起到重要作用，其形态学参数与踝-后足的生物力学功能紧密关联。本课题通过尸体标本建模和有限元分析技术，分别构建了跟骨骨折各形态学参数异常的实体模型和有限元虚拟数值模型，综合分析了跟骨长度、宽度和高度的改变对踝-后足动力学和静力学的影响。研究首先使用人体踝足尸体标本构建跟骨高度、宽度和长度异常模型，通过生物力学加载设备对各组模型进行加载，获得了跟骨高度丢失、宽度增加和长度短缩模型的动力学数据。进而构建正常人体踝后足有限元模型，在正常模型的基础上建立跟骨高度丢失、宽度增加和长度短缩数值模型，计算得到了后距下关节面的接触特征。动力学运算结果显示跟骨宽度增加和长度短缩会部分限制踝后足的活动度，跟骨高度丢失则会引起距下关节活动度增加。静力学运算结果则显示宽度增加会增加距下关节的接触面积，高度丢失会减少距下关节的接触面积并使关节应力中心向关节面前下方移动，而跟骨长度改变对距下关节的接触特征则影响不大。综合分析上述结果，本研究初步明确了跟骨三维形态学参数与踝后足生物力学之间的相互关系，阐明了跟骨高度丢失、宽度增加和长度短缩影响距下关节动力学和静力学的内在机制，为跟骨骨折手术治疗方案的改进提供了重要的生物力学依据。项目资助发表中文核心期刊论文3篇，SCI论文接收1篇，小修进入二审1篇。参与培养硕士研究生1名，博士研究生2名。