高速公路行驶视觉空间结构特征及景观设计数量化研究

Visual fatigue is a hidden danger in traffic safety that may cause fatal accidents during highway driving, while quantitative landscape corridor is an important way to eliminate the visual fatigue, and can improve the aesthetic experience of both drivers and passengers and strengthen the regional characteristics recognition function of highway, thus having attracted wide-spread attention from professionals in the field of road engineering. Taken the actual fixation area of drivers in driving (namely, the “driving visual space” of highway) as the research object, the writer has restored the structural characteristics of various driving visual space to objective fact by using such methods like numerical calculation and simulation experiment; has come to the conclusion of traffic safety influence and the quality of all spatial landscapes by applying statistics method to analyze the constituents and changing frequency of driving visual space, as well as pointed out the spatial types which need to servicing; has analyzed the internal relations among its type, volume, color, number and arrangement so as to determine the right combination of its constituents based on the traffic functions and the visual design elements of regional characteristics and has listed systematically the elements affecting the driving visual space of different quality, thus forming the quantitative highway landscape corridor, improving the visual safety judgment ability of drivers in driving, strengthening the recognition function of regional characteristics, and realizing the quantification of highway engineering landscape design.

视觉疲劳是驾驶员在高速公路行车过程中致命的交通安全隐患，而数量化景观通廊是消除视觉疲劳的重要途径，同时可提升驾乘人员的审美体验，增强高速公路的地域特性识别功能，已受到道路工程领域的重点关注。以驾驶员在行驶状态下的真实注视区域即高速公路“行驶视觉空间”为研究对象，采用数值计算和模拟实验等方法，对不同类型行驶视觉空间的结构特征进行客观真实还原；运用相关统计学方法分析行驶视觉空间的构成要素和变化频率，以此判别各类型空间对行车安全的影响及其景观品质的优劣，并指出需重点整备的视觉空间类型；依据交通功能和地域特性凝练视觉设计要素，分析其类型、体量、色彩、数量和排列的内在关系，确定行驶视觉空间构成要素的组合方式，并对不同品质行驶视觉空间内的要素进行针对性整备，形成高速公路数量化景观通廊，提高驾乘人员在行车过程中的视觉安全判定能力，同时增强地域特征的可识别性，实现高速公路工程景观设计的数量化。

视觉疲劳是驾驶人在高速公路行车过程中致命的交通安全隐患，数量化景观通廊是消除视觉疲劳的重要途径，同时可提升驾乘人员的审美体验，增强高速公路的地域特性识别功能。本项目围绕驾驶人在行驶状态下的真实注视尺度和高速公路景观数量化设计中的关键科学问题，系统研究了高速公路行驶视觉空间的结构特征，揭示了不同线形条件下驾驶人行车视觉和心理体验的影响规律。在假定高速行车过程中驾驶人头部相对固定的前提下，计算了平曲线上驾驶人的注视点分布轨迹，并依此得出了审美主体在不同线形的景观体验节奏。然后，基于驾驶人行驶视觉空间客观还原实验，整理了各类行驶视觉空间的构成要素和变化频率，提出了各类型空间对行车安全的影响及其景观品质的优劣，并指出了需要重点整备的两种特殊的行驶视觉空间类型。最后，确定了行驶视觉空间内的视觉设计要素的组合方式，并构建了以驾驶人真实视觉尺度为基础的高速公路景观设计数量化方法，为缓解驾驶人视觉疲劳和消除交通安全隐患提供了重要的数据支撑。