土地集约化过程中松嫩平原鹤类的行为响应机制及保护策略

Cranes is the large endangered flagship birds in the world, and the important environment instructions species, also a culture birds with a long civilization in our country. There were 6 species of 15 cranes species distributed in Songnen plain. Songnen plain was the important commondity grain base, and also the main breeding site and migratory stopover of Red-crowned crane, Siberian crane, hooded crane and so on. Rapid growth of regional economy brought environment change, and directly or indirectly influence the quality and integrity of crane habitat. Recently, the population of cranes in Songnen plain took the great fluctuate, for example Red-crowned crane, Hooded crane and Siberian crane. Regional environment in Songnen plain had already became the key facotor that influenced cranes population dynamic. Under this special situation, we need to pay close attention to cranes population. This research lay emphasis on spatial distribution pattern, habitat use, relation between energy and nutrition of food resource, soil chacarter and habitat use of six crane species during the different life history under land intensive for probing into scientific management pattern of soil management based on cranes conservation.

鹤类是大型世界濒危旗舰鸟，是环境重要指示种，更是我国有悠久文明的文化鸟。世界15种鹤类中松嫩平原分布有6种。松嫩平原是我国重要的商品粮基地，更是丹顶鹤、白鹤、白头鹤等濒危鹤类的主要繁殖地和迁徙停歇地。区域内经济的快速增长带来了环境的改变，直接或间接影响了鹤类栖息地的质量和完整性。近年来松嫩平原区域内鹤类种群数量波动极大，如丹顶鹤种群的剧减、白头鹤种群的剧增、白鹤种群99%群体的高度集中，松嫩平原的区域环境已成为影响鹤类种群波动的决定性和关键性因素。这种极为特殊的形势，需要给予松嫩平原鹤类种群极为密切的关注。本研究注重在土地集约化过程中，研究丹顶鹤、白头鹤、白鹤等濒危鹤类不同生活史阶段的空间分布格局、栖息地利用、土壤特征与栖息地利用的关系等，以探讨如何在土地管理中渗入环境保护意识、如何在资源利用区域居民日常的生产生活时与鹤类生存间寻求平衡点等等基于鹤类保护的土地管理方面的科学管理模式。