冲击片起爆序列中电、力及化学能量的迁移转化机制与规律

The slapper-based explosive train is widely used because of its advantage respective to safety, mechanism of the slapper-based explosive train involves complicated electric explosion, mechanical driving and chemical explosion. The key issues on these processes are mainly relating to the energy transfer and optimization of multiple parameters, which is fundermental and essential, however, not extensivly and deeply investigated. Thus, studying on the mechanisms of these issues has great theoretical and practical significance for the potential application of the slapper-based explosive train. In this project, our study mainly focus on three issues. Firstly, the energy transfer mechanism during the electrical explosion and its influence on the dynamic behaviour of the generated plasma will be studied by designing a series of experiment. Secondly, the shearing and driving process of the micro-scale flyer pushed by plama will be investigated both theoretically and numerically, in order to developing a theoretical model regarding the energy transformation and distribution. Thirdly, shock initiation of tiny explosive charges impact by a micro-scaled flyer will be given much attention. Relations between the shock initiation performance of the tiny explosive charges with various meso-structures and shock conditions will be acquired by combining the experiments and the theoretical analysis, physical model of energy tansfer from the micro-scaled flyer to the explosive charges will be established. Innovation in theory and experiment in this project makes it possible to solve various fundamental issues about the design of slapper-base explosive train, thereby improving the performance of tiny ignitors and boosters.

冲击片起爆序列是一种高度安全的新型起爆序列，已逐渐成为各类先进弹药关键起爆组件的首选方案。其作用过程涉及复杂的电爆、力学驱动及化学爆炸，基础核心是微尺度下电能、机械能、化学能的高效转化问题。由于对这一问题的研究认识远不深入，严重制约了冲击片起爆序列的发展与应用。本项目拟通过实现箔参数的动态微尺度精确测量，研究金属箔电爆炸过程的能量转化，获得输入能量和等离子体动力学状态之间的关系；通过精密试验和仿真获得等离子体驱动飞片的加速特性，研究等离子体剪切、驱动小微尺度飞片的力学过程，建立相应的能量转化模型；通过实验和理论方法获得加载方式、炸药细观结构与冲击起爆特性之间的相互关系，研究炸药在小微尺度飞片加载下的冲击起爆过程，建立小微尺度飞片与炸药间的能量转化模型。通过本项目理论和试验创新，建立多种精密试验方法和能量转化模型，深入解决冲击片起爆序列设计发展中基础薄弱的瓶颈问题。

本项目针对冲击片起爆序列电爆炸过程中等离子体动力学状态方程缺乏、能量输入方式与等离子体形成状态关系不清晰的问题，搭建了电流脉冲输入和等离子体状态同步测试系统，获得了金属箔电爆炸过程中输入脉冲能量和飞片速度的关系，揭示了电爆炸过程中能量随时间的传递规律；通过理想简化模型假设建立了金属桥箔电爆炸等离子体动力学状态方程。针对等离子体与小微尺度飞片相互作用过程的能量迁移转化机制和规律不清楚的问题，建立了飞片速度-电流-电压曲线的高精度同步测试系统，获得了金属箔电爆炸流场的特征参量和飞片的形态变化规律，建立了飞片加速过程和脉冲电流电压变化过程在时间维度上的同步对应关系，获得了飞片加速曲线与等离子体膨胀过程中电能输入曲线的关联机制；建立了等离子体膨胀驱动飞片数值模拟方法，获得不同脉冲输入能量下与飞片动能的关联关系。针对小尺寸装药下炸药短脉冲起爆特性与加载方式和炸药细观结构之间的相互关系认识不足的问题，搭建了测试小尺寸炸药冲击起爆的试验平台，基于试验并结合理论分析推导，建立了小尺寸装药下同时考虑小微尺度飞片冲击起爆时二维效应和炸药孔隙率等细观等因素的冲击起爆阈值判据；结合有限元数值模拟探究了小微尺度飞片加载作用下炸药冲击起爆的响应规律与能量转化规律，获得了炸药释能过程与飞片加载方式之间的关系。本项目的完成深化了对冲击片起爆序列作用过程及相关电爆、力学驱动及化学爆炸等基础问题的认识，为深入解决冲击片起爆序列设计发展中亟待解决的瓶颈问题提供了理论基础。