巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群水文循环过程与陆气相互作用研究

The hydrologic cycle and land-atmosphere interaction of the lake group in the southeast of Badain Jaran Desert are selected as the objects of this study. Using the continuous synchronous process observation of lakes and groundwater hydrologic cycle and the outfield experiment on the critical value of precipitation infiltration, high temporal resolution (30min) basic data sequence will be obtained. Discussion on the changing process of water flux in different time scales (daily, monthly, quarterly) will be made. This study will quantitatively identify the key factors which influence the lake hydrologic cycle and their magnitudes, identify the lake evaporation in different Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and the evaporation intensity on desert underlying surface. ccc This project intends to increase the number of meteorological and hydrometric observation stations in desert area and enhance the field observations academic status in the world. It will contribute to solving the scientific problems about water resources pattern and high megadunes formation mechanism in Badain Jaran Desert. Meanwhile, it will provide scientific guidance on sustainable utilization of water resources and addressing climate change issues in arid region.

以巴丹吉林沙漠东南部湖泊群为研究区，以水文循环过程与陆气相互作用为研究对象，开展湖泊与地下水水循环过程同步连续观测和降水入渗临界外场 实验，获取高时间分辨率（30min）的基础数据序列，探讨不同时间尺度（日、月、季）水分通量的变化过程，定量辨识湖泊水循环的影响因素及其影响量级，确定不同TDS湖水蒸发的盐度效应与沙漠下垫面蒸发强度。确定地下水补给来源，建立区域地下水14C年龄及循环模式。通过上述研究，提高我国在沙漠科学观测与研究领域的国际学术地位，为解决巴丹吉林沙漠水资源格局、高大沙山形成机理等科学问题，为干旱区水资源可持续利用和适应气候变化工作提供科学依据。

本项目以巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群为研究对象，以水文循环过程与陆气相互作用为重点研究内容，取得了比较系统的研究成果。主要进展包括：（1）确定了不同TDS湖泊蒸发的 “盐度效应”，建立了适合本地区的蒸发模型，探明了巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群水量平衡和地下水补给量级；（2）基于MODIS数据、气象观测和物候监测，发现了巴丹吉林沙漠的“暖岛效应”，其形成机制与湖泊群下垫面和深层地下水补给有关；（3）在水循环演变研究方面取得新认识，提出了“晚第四纪大湖期”、“全新世成炭期”和“全新世泛湖期”等概念；（4）基本建成巴丹吉林沙漠科学观测实验站，填补了沙漠腹地水文气象资料的空白；（5）发表本项目标注论文50篇（已见刊44篇），其中SCI论文30篇（已见刊27篇）。