非法药物在城市水链中的来源、污染过程及归趋

As a class of emerging contaminants, illicit drugs have been detected in many aquatic environment around the world. In China, however, the sources, migration, transport and transformation, and environmental fate of these drugs in the water environment remain unclear. This project aims to address this concern. According to the characteristics of both water resources and water environment, we will select the urban water chain in Beijing as the research target. The water chain includes the wastewater, reclaimed water and the surface water, and the illicit drugs are those with high ammount consumed or captured. In the water treatment facilities, the occurrence, elimination/generation, transformation and removal mechanisms will be investigated. The occurrence and spatial-temporal distribution of illicit drugs in the urban water environment will be investigated as well. In the laboratory experiment, the parameters of environmental processes such as adsorption/desorption and degradation/biodegradation will be determined. This project will reveal the sources, transport and transformation, and environmental fate of illicit drugs in a typical urban water chain, and also provide basic information of this type of contaminants for the environmental and health risk assesssment.

非法药物作为一类新型污染物，已在世界多地的水环境中广泛检出。但是，目前我国水环境尤其是城市水环境中非法药物的来源、传输、迁移转化和环境归趋等行为尚未搞清楚。本项目根据我国城市水资源和水环境特点，选择北京市城市水链，即以污水处理厂和再生水厂相关联的污水、再生水、地表水等组成的水链为研究对象，以在我国使用量和缴获量较多的非法药物为目标污染物，研究非法药物在城市水处理设施中的消长动力学、降解转化路径及其去除机制，在城市水环境中的污染水平和时空分布特征，以及在水环境多介质中的迁移、转化和归趋行为。本项目将揭示非法药物在典型城市水链中的来源、传输、迁移转化和环境归趋等科学问题，并为我国评价该类物质的环境及健康风险提供科学依据。

非法药物作为一类新型污染物，已在世界多地的水环境中广泛检出。但是，目前我国水环境尤其是城市水环境中非法药物的来源、传输、迁移转化和环境归趋等行为尚未搞清楚。本课题以我国使用量和缴获量较多的非法药物为目标污染物，以北京城市水链为研究对象，建立和优化了水环境（包括主动和被动采样）中目标化合物的分析方法，调查了目标化合物在北京城市水链中，即水处理设施（污水处理厂）、城市地表/下水及野生水生生物体内的污染水平及时空分布等污染特征，研究了目标化合物在典型水处理设施中的消长动力学和在关键单元中的转化机制，及其在城市水环境中的来源、相间界面反应过程、降解动力学及机制、最终归趋及影响因素；探讨了薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术表征典型非法药物生物有效性的可能性。本课题研究成果将为深入认识非法药物在城市水链中的来源、环境行为及最终归趋提供科学依据，对于我国正确评价非法药物的环境及健康风险具有重要的环境学实践意义。