龙血树柴胡保护生物学研究

This project targets Asia-only, endemic to China, woody Bupleurum - Bupleurum dracaenoides for a conservation biology research, in three perspectives of population ecology, reproductive biology, and genetic diversity. We aim to clarify the key factors that cause rare and endangered situation of Dracaena Bupleurum, as well as its reproductive biology characteristics, and population genetic structure. Appropriate rescuing conservation measurements will be proposed by scientific effective protection programs. Then we hope to ultimately achieve timely and effective protection of the rare resource plant. This project task is not only a response to the national strategy of biodiversity conservation, but also is contribution to theoretic study of plant species with extremely small populations. The work is one of the fundamental researches rooted in the borderland for Yunnan province.

本项目选择亚洲唯一、我国特有的木本柴胡—龙血树柴胡为研究对象，从种群生态学、繁殖生物学、遗传多样性三方面对其开展保护生物学研究，旨在弄清导致其濒危的关键因子、繁殖生物学特征和遗传结构特点，提出相应的抢救性保护措施，制定科学有效的保护方案，并最终实现及时有效地保护龙血树柴胡这一珍稀资源植物。一方面，本研究将有助于促进极小种群濒危机制及保护措施的理论，为资源潜在利用价值提供支撑。另一方面，本研究也是立足边疆服务云南的基础科研工作之一，是积极响应国家生物多样性保护的战略需要。

项目对狭域分布于滇川交界金沙江轿子雪山周边的龙血树柴胡从种群生态学、繁殖生物学、形态解剖、遗传多样性、植物化学5个方面进行了综合研究，首次全面弄清了该特有种分布状况、种群生态学特征、繁殖特性、遗传多样性现状、根茎木质化特征、植物化学成分。研究结果表明：龙血树柴胡根茎木质化显著，其根茎次生结构与具有典型次生生长的木本植物相似；龙血树柴胡种群遗传多样性水平极低，特殊的生境加剧了种群间的基因交流，导致遗传衰退进而濒危，放牧等影响进一步加剧了该物种濒危；需采取就地保护的方式加强对所有龙血树柴胡种群的保护。利用种子萌发可以解决龙血树柴胡快速繁殖并满足将来大面积回归种植的需要；龙血树柴胡含有传统药用柴胡所含的主要药用活性成分，有较大的的开发利用前景。