铁路沿线风切变致高速列车运行安全性与乘坐舒适性劣化机理及控制方法

The wind shear, caused by the rapid change of boundaries due to the transitions between various topographies and wind proof facilities, leads to the deterioration of the transverse aerodynamic properties of trains, induces shaking of train bodies that is uncomfortable for the passengers on board, seriously affects the operational safety and passenger comfort of high-speed trains, and this has been the bottle neck for the regular service of high-speed trains in wind field. And the causes of this problem, corresponding evaluation system and the improvement measures need to be solved urgently. By combining the methods of field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, moving model tests with transverse wind, wind tunnel experiments, as well as realistic field experiments, this project focuses on the deterioration mechanism of the operational safety and passenger comfort of high-speed trains induced by wind shear near railways and the controlling method, aims at understanding the evolutionary patterns of shear wind field under the rapid change of boundary conditions, analyzing the response of unsteady aerodynamic properties and dynamics of trains, proposing a evaluation index for the operational properties of trains that applies to the environment of shear wind, raising a general design method for building wind proof facilities, train appearance design method enhanced for shear wind and restraining method for strong unsteady response of train dynamics, and focuses on improving the operational safety and comfort for trains under strong wind. The project can provide theoretical and technical support for the development of the high-speed trains of China, as well as the implementation of the national strategies of “One Belt and One Road” and “High-speed rail going out”.

铁路沿线不同地形、不同防风设施过渡形成的突变边界，引发风切变，致使列车横向气动性能恶化，导致列车剧烈晃动，司乘人员深感不适，严重影响高速列车运行安全性与乘坐舒适性，已成为风区铁路高速列车正常运行的瓶颈。上述问题出现的诱因和相应的评价体系及改进措施亟待研究解决。本项目采用实地调研、理论分析、数值仿真、列车横风动模型试验、风洞试验、现场试验相结合的方法，开展铁路沿线风切变致高速列车运行安全性与乘坐舒适性劣化机理及控制方法研究，揭示高速铁路突变边界风场演化机理，探明切变风对高速列车非定常气动性能及动力学特性的影响机制，提出适用于切变风环境新的列车运行性能评价指标，建立防风设施过渡段通用设计方法、列车抗切变风气动外形设计方法、列车强瞬态动力响应抑制方法，着力提升大风环境下列车运行安全性与乘坐舒适性。为我国高铁发展，“一带一路”和 “高铁走出去”国家战略的实施，提供相关理论与技术支撑。

风区铁路沿线复杂地形地貌及不同防风设施过渡段诱发的风切变现象导致的车体剧烈晃动现象严重危及高速列车的运行安全性与乘坐舒适性，已成为穿越复杂地形环境风区铁路高速列车正常运行的瓶颈。本项目通过铁路沿线地形地貌实地勘察、典型区段风场实地测试、实车在线试验、理论分析、数值仿真、风洞试验等多方法系统的研究了铁路沿线风切变致高速列车运行安全性与舒适性劣化机理及控制方法。通过解决大区段范围突变边界三维多尺度精细建模方法、高速列车/地形地貌/防风设施/线路等耦合下的近地切变风场列车气动及动力学特性数值模拟方法，揭示了铁路沿线突变边界致切变风场演化规律及切变风场对高速列车气动及动力学性能的影响机理等，提出了铁路沿线防风设施过渡段区域优化及通用设计方法、切变风场列车安全运行阈值风速确定方法、列车抗切变风气动外形设计及动力学关键参数控制方法等；通过探究切变风场-气动载荷-动力学特性-评价指标之间的映射关系、剖析切变风场列车运行安全性与舒适性特性，提出切变风场列车振动舒适性与运行安全性耦合评估方法及指标、研发切变风场列车运行安全性与振动舒适性车载预警系统及装备，实现切变风场列车运行安全性与振动舒适性在线监测。“一带一路”沿线国家地形地貌环境复杂多变，该项目成果能够对提升大风环境下高速列车穿越复杂地形区段时的运行安全性与舒适性保障水平起到理论与技术支撑作用，具有重要工程意义。