Jarosite is an important component of Burns formation outcrop, and due to its strong indication of oxidizing acidic aqueous condition, and its instability relevant to aqueous condition, jarosite is considered as an important indicator of aqueous chemistry and history of the Late Noachian and Early Hesperian layered terrain on Mars. Previous study on halogen (Cl- and Br-) sedimentary geochemistry at Meridiani Planum, Mars, indicates that during groundwater mediated diagenesis processes, jarosite (KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6) precipitated by oxidation of ferrous sulfate (e.g., FeSO4·7H2O) will preferentially incorporate Br- over Cl-, and may result in Cl/Br fractionation. Due to the lack of similar studies for comparison, it is unknown why jarosite preferred Br- rather than Cl-, and which substitution site of jarosite did Br- and Cl- take. Also, how the incorporation of Br- and Cl- will affect the jarosite crystal chemistry and corresponding dissolution rates remained unclear. Therefore, in this proposal, we seek NSFC support to conduct a systematic investigation of halogens influence on jarosite crystal chemistry and dissolution rates, including synthesis of halogen bearing jarosite (with gradient concentrations), evaluating partitioning coefficient of Cl- and Br- between jarosite and ambient solutions, investigating the effects of Cl and Br contents of jarosite on its dissolution rates, and finally, characterizing the final products with texture and morphology information produced by dissolution experiments. This proposed framework will provide important insights on the mechanisms for Cl- and Br- influences on jarosite. .Our results from this proposed work will bring light to new characteristics of jarosite in the context of Burns formation; and by containing dissolution rates of halogen bearing jarosite we will be able to further constrain the aqueous history in this area. Also, this work will further our understanding of interactions between halogens and sulfates, and help us explain Mars returned data and how the secondary mineral assemblages have formed at Meridiani Planum and other similar locations across the Martian surface.
黄钾铁矾是火星子午线平原沉积岩中的重要组分,并对该地区溶液成分和溶液持续时间都具有重要指示意义。对子午线平原Burns沉积建造中Cl和Br的地球化学研究发现,当亚铁硫酸盐氧化生成黄钾铁矾时,黄钾铁矾会优先富集Br,并可能造成Cl/Br分异。但是对于黄钾铁矾为什么倾向于纳入Br而非Cl,以及Cl和Br会如何影响黄钾铁矾的晶体化学和溶解速率等基本问题,都还有待深入研究。在此背景下,本项目拟通过模拟实验,合成具有卤素含量梯度的系列黄钾铁矾样品,探索Cl和Br在黄钾铁矾中的含量上限和替换位置,以及黄钾铁矾溶解速率与卤素含量的对应关系,并用新的溶解速率数据,对其所指示的水体持续时间作进一步修正。本项目通过系统探索Cl和Br对黄钾铁矾的晶体化学和溶解速率的影响和作用机理,将揭示黄钾铁矾的新特性,并为进一步理解火星表面卤素与硫化物的相互作用,解释火星实测数据和次生铁矿物组合成因,提供重要参考。
黄钾铁矾是火星表面重要的次生矿物,一方面关联着火星硫化物、铁硫酸盐向铁氧化物的转变,另一方面还可作为火星溶液活动的计时器。前序研究发现,黄钾铁矾在含有氯离子和溴离子的溶液中沉淀时,会优先纳入溴离子,但对黄钾铁矾形成时溴氯的配分行为和含卤素黄钾铁矾的晶体结构缺乏系统研究。此外,对含溴黄钾铁矾的溶解速率也尚不清楚。.针对以上两个关键问题,本项目开展了:(1)合成实验:通过25°C亚铁氧化和140°C铁水解两种方式合成黄钾铁矾,研究溴、氯离子的配分行为;制约含卤素黄钾铁矾的晶体结构特征。(2)溶解实验:对比含卤素与不含卤素黄钾铁矾在溶解速率上的差异,考察黄钾铁矾形成条件、卤素含量、以及溶液温度和水活度对溶解速率的影响;制约子午线平原水活动时长。.主要发现包括:(1)黄钾铁矾形成时,溴离子倾向于进入矿物而氯离子倾向于留存在溶液中。在相同起始浓度下, 进入黄钾铁矾的溴离子比氯离子高2个数量级;溴离子会明显干扰黄钾铁矾对氯离子的纳入。(2)随溴含量增加,黄钾铁矾晶胞体积塌缩;在拉曼和红外光谱中,黄钾铁矾基本结构不变,但羟基峰强度随溴含量增加相应减弱;穆斯保尔谱中未发现溴增加对铁的影响。综合推测,溴进入黄钾铁矾不是简单替换羟基,而可能与钾相互作用,通过缩短晶面层间距造成晶胞体积塌缩。含溴黄钾铁矾的晶体结构尚需进一步研究。(3)含卤素黄钾铁矾比不含卤素黄钾铁矾的矿物稳定性差。低温亚铁氧化形成的黄钾铁矾溶解速率更慢。火星伯恩斯组沉积岩的黄钾铁矾更可能是通过低温亚铁氧化形成并含卤素,因此与其共存的溶液活动时间只有50-5000年,比前人的估算少了1-2个数量级。.本研究展示了某些铁硫酸盐形成时,溴离子的非保守配分行为和溴氯比值的分馏,颠覆了传统对溴、氯离子在溶液中化学行为的认识。推测类似的溴离子分配特征还可能存在于其他复盐,如明矾和钾盐镁矾中。对火星子午线平原伯恩斯组地层成岩水活动的时长估算也因此缩短,早期火星可能更为干燥。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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