河西走廊黑果枸杞种群生殖配置对生境变化和人为干扰的响应及其调控机制

Lycium ruthenicum that was widely distributed arid desert region is a typical desert plants. It has very important meaning to prevent blown sand disaster,improve saline-alkali lands,protecte and improve ecological environment，promote local economic development. But in recent years due to the drought climate and soil salinization intensified, Lycium ruthenicum populations decreased rapidly with rising prices of Lycium ruthenicum fruit.Study about how did the resource allocate of Lycium ruthenicum during the process of soil aridity and soil salinization,and pattern of reproductive allocation and its trade-off are still not reported by now.The different desertification land at the ecological regions, such as Linze, Jiuquan and Minqin, will be selected as research areas to carry out lots of field investigations, position observations and control trials,to explore the relationship between habitat conditions, the size, population density of Lycium ruthenicum and reproductive allocation, to analyze reproductive allocation of nutrient elements and ruit-set patterns of Lycium ruthenicum,to reveal phenotypic plasticity of reproductive allocation in the process of soil salinization and drought.The relationship between reproductive allocation pattern and trade off. to clarify the influence of man-made damage to reproductive modes and ruit-set patterns of Lycium ruthenicum.It would provided theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of Lycium ruthenicum natural population, and fruiting-promoting of Lycium ruthenicum among artificial plantation.

黑果枸杞是广泛分布于我国干旱荒漠区一种典型的生态兼药用植物,在保护和改善生态环境以及促进地方社会经济发展方面具有十分重要的作用。但是近年来由于气候干旱化和土壤盐渍化程度加剧，加上黑果枸杞果市场价格的攀升,人工掠夺式采挖非常严重,导致种群数量急剧减少。黑果枸杞在生境变化及人为干扰下如何权衡生长与生殖的关系，以及种群如何调节其生殖配置维系种群发展以适应生境变化尚不明确。本项目以河西走廊黑果枸杞种群为研究对象，通过实地调查、定点观测和人工控制试验相结合的方法，开展不同区域黑果枸杞种群密度、个体大小、人为干扰、生境变化对黑果枸杞生殖配置规律的影响研究，揭示黑果枸杞在生境变化过程中生殖构件表型可塑性、种群生殖配置的权衡关系及调控机制，阐明人为采摘破坏对黑果枸杞繁殖方式及结实格局的影响。研究结果将为黑果枸杞天然种群恢复与保护以及人工种植促进结实提供理论依据。

生殖配置格局以及植物如何调节其生殖配置以适应生存环境是生殖生态学研究的重要任务，具有重要生态学意义。黑果枸杞是广泛分布于我国干旱荒漠区的一种药用植物，近年来，由于生境变化和人为干扰，种群数量减少。在生境变化及人为干扰下，黑果枸杞种群是如何通过调控生殖配置实现营养与生殖生长的平衡？本项目以河西走廊黑果枸杞种群为研究对象，通过实地调查和人工控制试验相结合的方法，开展了黑果枸杞种群密度、个体大小等对黑果枸杞种群生殖配置研究。结果表明：（1）河西走廊黑果枸杞种群生殖配置大小规律为：民勤兴和轻度覆沙盐碱地>民勤白土井极重度盐碱地>民勤丰政重度盐碱地>玉门重度盐碱地>金塔极重度盐碱地>民勤马家井轻度盐碱地>瓜州重度盐碱地。民勤黑果枸杞种群生境复杂，生殖配置差异较大，而瓜州、玉门和金塔差异较小。（2）土壤水分是影响黑果枸杞种群繁殖器官大小和生殖配置大小的关键因子，黑果枸杞繁殖投入与土壤平均含水率呈正线性相关关系，判定系数达0. 612。不同防护林距离黑果枸杞种群生殖配置及土壤含水率也呈正相关关系。（3）在民勤极重度盐渍化土地上地下水位较高，土壤含水率高，黑果枸杞种群获得了较高的生殖配置，表明黑果枸杞对土壤盐渍化适应性很强，土壤盐渍化对黑果枸杞种群生殖配置影响较小。（4）黑果枸杞繁殖器官和个体大小与冠幅大小呈正相关关系，随着冠幅的增加，黑果枸杞繁殖器官和个体大小也相应的增加。同样黑果枸杞种群生殖配置与个体大小呈正相关关系（除民勤马家井轻度盐碱地外），个体越大，生殖配置越大。（5）不同修剪强度对黑果枸杞种群生长及生殖配置有显著影响，重度修剪增加了黑果枸杞分枝数，降低了当年生殖配置，延缓了黑果枸杞生殖物候。（6）低密度黑果枸杞种群高度、冠幅、生殖配置显著大于高密度。研究结果将促进干旱荒漠区灌木植物生殖配置理论研究，同时为黑果枸杞天然种群恢复与保护以及人工种植促进结实提供理论依据。