基于仿粘附蛋白聚合物的特殊浸润性表面通用制备方法与机理研究

Surfaces with special wettabilities, including superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, are of great scientific value for material application and development. The fabrication methods of surfaces with special wettabilities reported up to date lack of generality for different materials. Different materials have to adapt dissimilar modification methods. And the modified layer usually lacks of firmness. Mussels can achieve long-lasting adhesion in wet environment and tether to all kinds of substrates based on the proteins secreted by the byssus. Hereby the aim of this proposal is to design and synthesize polymers with molecular structure similar to mussel adhesive protein by introducing catechol group to the side chains of polymer. The interactions of the biomimetic polymer and substrates will be investigated to seek good adhesion, which is the foundation of the general method for creating surfaces with special wettabilities. By controlling the movement of the flexible polymer chains through phase separation method, surface microstructure is expected to be constructed with certain roughness. By combining regulation of the conformation of polymer chains and surface chemical modification, a general modification method for surfaces with special wettabilities on diverse materials will be achieved. Through the investigation, it is also expected to reveal the relationship of the molecular structure of the biomimetic polymer, the adhesive ability and surface wettability, establishing the ground of the future applications of biomimetic polymers and surfaces with special wettabilities.

具有超疏水或超亲水性质的特殊浸润性表面的构筑与研究对于材料的应用与发展具有重要的科学意义。然而，目前已报道的特殊浸润性表面的制备方法不具有通用性，不同材料需要采取不同改性方法，并且改性层牢固性差。而贻贝粘附蛋白具有优异的粘附性能，在各种基底表面皆可粘附。由此，本项目从仿生的角度出发，首先设计和合成具有类似贻贝粘附蛋白大分子结构的聚合物，将贻贝蛋白主要粘附功能单元，即儿茶酚基团，接枝在聚合物侧链，并研究其与多种无机、有机材料表面产生强共价键/非共价键相互作用条件与机理，寻求优异粘附性能，作为特殊浸润性表面通用制备方法的基础；其次通过相分离的方法利用仿生聚合物柔性分子链作为表面微结构的骨架，构筑表面粗糙度，控制表层分子链构象，并与表面化学修饰结合，以获得特殊的浸润性质；最后揭示仿生聚合物分子结构、粘附性能与表面浸润性的演变规律，为仿粘附蛋白聚合物和特殊浸润性表面的应用奠定基础。

特殊浸润性表面的构筑与研究对于材料的应用与发展具有重要的科学意义。本项目通过对贻贝粘附蛋白分子结构的仿生设计，制备了一系列具有特殊浸润性的表面，以期解决不同材料制备方法不具有通用性的缺陷。首先制备了接枝儿茶酚基团的亲水性聚合物以及两亲性的二元嵌段共聚物，用于制备超疏水表面，并研究了表面结构与浸润性的影响。其次，研究了仿粘附蛋白聚合物聚多巴胺在多种基底表面的粘附，并制备了多种图案化表面。此外，制备了具有磁性的超疏水颗粒，利用其特殊浸润性研究了其在油水分离中的应用，详细研究了多不同种类油的吸附性能，以及多种分离手段。最后，对回收的聚多巴胺颗粒进行回收再利用，制备了可耐酸碱的超疏水表面以及具有pH响应性的特殊浸润性表面。