城市公园游憩与降温服务辐射效应相互影响机制及其布局调控研究

In recent decade years, there has been an increased emphasis in single and on-site landscape service aimed at improving human well-beings, while the relationships of off-site radiation effects among multiple landscape services are ignored. This emphasis has resulted to the unavoidable disadvantages of distribution planning of urban park, such as vacuum blind spots and invisible blind spots. To contribute to our understanding of the radiation effects of landscape service, several urban parks in Wuhan city, Hubei province will be studied based on the methods of remote sensing inversion, surface temperature monitoring, questionnaire survey, GIS spatial analysis and multivariate statistical analysis in this project. Relationships of radiation effects between recreational service and cooling service of urban park and their characteristics will be studied. This project also plans to reveal the landscape factors which response to the radiation effect of landscape service as well as the quantitative response mechanism. The distribution optimization strategy of urban park will be studied by coupling demand model and land use spatial allocation model (CLUE-S model) in different scenarios. The accomplish of this project will fill the research gaps of radiation effects of landscape service of urban park and their influence mechanism, and will improve the distribution optimization methods of urban park under multiple objectives. The contributions of this project can support a better management of urban park in the area with hot summer and cold winter.

针对景观服务研究长期关注域内单项服务而忽略多项服务域外辐射效应复杂关系的不足，及其在指导城市公园布局规划中引起的真空盲点与隐形盲点等弊端，本研究以湖北省武汉市为研究区，基于遥感反演、地表气温监测、问卷调查、GIS空间分析及多元统计分析等多种方法，研究了城市公园游憩与降温服务辐射效应相关关系及其空间异质性特征，揭示了公园内外景观因子对游憩与降温服务辐射效应及其相关关系的定量化响应机制，并在此基础上通过耦合多目标需求模型与土地利用空间分配模型（CLUE-S模型）探讨了满足居民景观服务需求不同情景目标下的公园布局调控途径。本研究弥补了当前城市公园景观服务域外辐射效应及其影响机制研究的不足，完善了多目标需求下城市公园布局调控方法，为冬冷夏热地区公园布局调控补充了重要的理论基础。

公园景观服务的域外辐射效应与机制是指导城市公园布局、提高公园服务效率和公平性的基础，而厘清多项服务辐射效应的相互影响关系则是多目标需求下公园布局调控的前提。本项目从游憩与降温两方面开展了公园景观服务的域外辐射效应及其相互影响关系与机制研究，探讨了游憩与降温服务权衡与协同视角下公园绿地布局调控方法。主要研究成果包括：（1）公园游憩服务以幂函数曲线方式向其四周非均匀衰减辐射，且其辐射效应受游憩服务供给能力、需求程度和传递媒介与方式等共同影响，包括公园景观特征、公园周边服务供给、公园周边交通设施、居民游憩出行方式、居民年龄与性别等多种影响因子；（2）各时刻不同公园的有效降温效应存在较大差异，但总体呈现出降温效应中午较弱的特征，且多数公园有效降温幅度在1℃以内、有效降温距离多为100-300m；公园面积、周边绿地面积占比、道路密度、周边建筑高度对公园降温服务的辐射有显著影响；（3）公园有效降温距离、最佳降温距离、有效降温幅度与游憩出行距离显著正相关，而公园最佳降温幅度则与游憩服务辐射欧式距离呈正相关关系；（4）基于游憩服务与降温服务辐射效应相互影响关系，提出了武汉市中心城区公园绿地布局优化方案，优化后公园绿地游憩服务可有效覆盖中心城区的居住用地，同时可在人口密集的江汉区、武昌区、汉阳区形成明显的公园冷岛组团，有效完善依托长江水系的南北降温冷轴和依托龟山山脉以及汉江水系的东西向降温冷轴。未来将进一步深入研究城市绿地多项景观服务的时空辐射与相互影响机制，以期为多目标需求下城市绿色基础设施建设与可持续发展提供有效的科学指引。