全球背景下人兽共患病防控体系衔接研究

Epidemiology aims at providing disease-related scientific evidence within human population, however, the argument that “Humans, animals-it's one health. Or is it?” got increasing attention recently. Since 1970s, more than 40 kinds of emerging infectious diseases have been identified, and 70% of them were Zoonoses. In China, for the distribution of zoonoses, we are facing the fact that there is a tendency for urbanization of rural diseases, central trend of remote infectious diseases and the occurrence of northern local diseases in the south regions. Correspondingly, the laboratory scientists have produced massive high volume data of pathogens in different kind of hosts. The logistic problems encountered have led to the development of disease control system to incorporate more available prior information and get better prediction. The present project seeks to address the basic issues of risk evaluation modes of the prevention and control of zoonoses, on the basis of previous results and the available database of climate change, geographical environment and infectious diseases surveillance. Influenza A, hemorrhagic fever and brucellosis were selected as the entry points to learn and explore the framework of risk evaluation. From the cohesion mechanism point of view, in the context of globalization, the connection of paralleled physician-subject and veterinarian-subject zoonoses prevention and control system and the connection between domestic and international control system will be investigated with special focus on the coordination of related work and the targets of joint efforts. From the pathogen perspective, the open-access database about the above mentioned 3 kinds of pathogens will be achieved and analyzed with bioinformatics tools, their distribution in different kinds of hosts and at the molecular, cell, body and population level will be explored and compared. The real-time data will then be collected to constitute the test set to verify those results and also for the adjustment purpose. The involved meteorological, environmental, control system cohesion and pathogen related prior information will be incorporated into the risk evaluation framework of zoonotic infectious diseases, the effective integrative strategy and its performance at different scale will be explored in detail. The present project is expected to provide further references and evidence for the optimization of the zoonoses risk evaluation model.

上世纪70 年代以来新发的40 多种传染病中，有70%以上属于人兽共患传染病，在我国人兽共患病已开始呈现农村疾病城市化、边远疾病中心化和北方疾病南方化等流行态势。本项目在前期研究中收集的气候变化、地理环境和传染病监测数据的基础上，选择甲型流感、出血热和布鲁氏菌病作为研究人兽共患传染病的切入点。从政策和防控体系衔接机制角度，探索以“人医”为主体和以“兽医”为主体并行的人兽共患传染病防控体系的衔接以及全球化背景下国内防控体系和国际防控工作的衔接；明确相关工作的切入点和协调努力的方向与目标；从病原体角度，利用现有病原体相关数据库进行不同宿主中的生物信息学分析及比较并在现场收集数据进行验证，获取分子、细胞、机体和群体四个水平的病原体相关信息。通过构建有效融合上述气象、环境、防控体系衔接机制和病原体相关先验信息的风险评估框架，为进一步改善人兽共患传染病风险评估模型提供参考和科学依据。

本项目主要描述了以“人医”为主体和以“兽医”为主体并行的人兽共患传染病防控体系的衔接以及在全球化背景下国内防控体系和国际防控工作的衔接对传染病防控工作的影响机制，将相关分析结果和气象数据、自然环境数据融合入人兽共患传染病风险评估模型，进而为相应的人兽共患病控制策略提供了辅助支持。研究成果主要集中于流行病学监测数据分析、影响传染性疾病传播的风险因素研究、疾病防控相关的数学模型研究和人兽共患病防控的衔接研究。.本研究可为进一步改善人兽共患传染病风险评估模型提供一定的参考和科学依据。本研究已发表英文论文12篇，中文论文11篇，已出版专著1部，获辽宁省科技进步三等奖1项。已有6名硕士研究生在本课题框架下完成学位论文，7名博硕士在读研究生参与本课题研究。