基于预测控制的动态阻尼磁流变碰撞装置平台化削峰方法研究

With the increase of vehicle ownership, numbers of injuries is increasing due to car accidents. The peak force during a crash process can be threatening to the safety of occupants. This project aims to solve the problem of insufficient adaptive capacity of peak clipping of passive energy-absorbing bumper and poor reliability of peak clipping of traditional semi-active crash buffer device. The method of dynamic adjustment of working channel gap is to be used to fix the peak clipping issue of magnetorheological crash buffer device, and the mechanism of artificial intelligence active prediction collision parameters of applying transient excitation current will be adopted to collision force plateau. The impact flow characteristics of magnetorheological cement in the working channel with variable damping gap is to be studied, and the effects of local losses, inertia effect and volume compressibility of control medium on impact force are to be investigated. Then, a collision buffer force model will be constructed. Further, a prototype of MR collision energy absorber with variable damping gap will be developed by parametric design and multi-objective optimization method. Based on the inverse model of impact flow, the prediction theories of transient excitation current shape parameters and trigger time are to be improved, along with the artificial intelligent peak clipping control mechanism of the buffer device. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation method of peak clipping effect is established, which provides a new theoretical and technical support for improving the clipping ability of the bumper.

随着汽车保有量的提高，汽车碰撞事故造成的人员损伤数量日趋增加，其中碰撞峰值力严重威胁着乘员安全。针对被动式吸能保险杠削峰自适应能力不足以及传统半主动碰撞装置削峰可靠性差的问题，项目利用动态调节阻尼流道间隙的方法深入研究磁流变碰撞装置的削峰机理，采用仿人智能主动预判碰撞参数于碰撞力峰值处施加瞬变励磁电流机制实现碰撞力平台化。研究磁流变胶泥在变阻尼间隙工作流道的冲击流动特征，探究局部损耗、惯性效应及控制介质体积压缩性对碰撞力的影响，构建碰撞动力学模型，完善变阻尼间隙流道动态磁路设计理论，揭示间隙宽度、弧度与磁流变胶泥冲击流动速度之间的映射关系，利用参数化及多目标优化方法研制变阻尼间隙磁流变碰撞装置样机，基于冲击流动逆模型完善瞬变励磁电流形态参数和峰值力时刻的预估理论，研究碰撞装置的仿人智能削峰控制机制，建立削峰效果综合评价方法，为提升保险杠的平台化削峰能力提供一种新的理论和技术支撑。

针对被动式吸能保险杠削峰自适应能力不足以及传统半主动碰撞装置削峰可靠性差的问题，项目利用动态调节阻尼流道间隙的方法深入研究磁流变碰撞装置的削峰机理，采用主动预判碰撞参数于碰撞力峰值处施加瞬变励磁电流机制实现碰撞力平台化。探究了契合碰撞缓冲特征的阻尼流道构型，提出一种缸筒截面具有锥度特征的磁控流道结构；优化了控制介质的流变性能；研究了磁流变胶泥在变间隙流道内的流动特征；探究了局部损耗、惯性效应对碰撞力的影响，构建了磁流变碰撞装置的四种冲击动力学模型；完善了变阻尼间隙流道动态磁场设计理论；利用参数化及多目标优化方法研制了变阻尼间隙磁流变碰撞装置样机；开展了碰撞装置可控性实验及瞬变励磁电流控制仿真实验，完成了变阻尼间隙削峰效果及瞬变励磁电流控制削峰效果评价。研究表明：对比等间隙流道结构，变间隙流道结构削峰比例最高可达16.25%；对比等间隙结构常电流情况，变间隙结构瞬变电流控制削峰比例最高可达53.31%。项目执行过程中，研究团队发表期刊论文8篇，其中SCI收录4篇、EI收录3篇、CSCD收录1篇；参加学术会议3次；申请中国发明专利11项，其中授权4项；培养硕士研究生5名。项目研究成果为提升智能保险杠的平台化削峰能力提供了一种新的理论和技术支撑。