用于空间科学的硅微条探测器的关键技术研究

With the progress of technology, astronomical activities to explore the multi-band universe are growing rapidly. For example, people have constructed thousands of ground-based telescopes to observe the cosmic radiation of visible, infrared and radio wavebands. To explore the radiation of even higher energy, such as gamma-ray, X-ray and ultraviolet light, people have to send the detector out of the atmosphere to space because the radiations will be absorbed by the atmosphere completely. One of the most attractive subjects in the astronomical observation is the gamma-ray detection in space. Recent research shows that the spectrum and distribution of the high-energy gamma-ray can be utilized to explore the dark matter's distribution and physical characteristics. Based on the expertise and experience from the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE)'s construction and operation, our group is proposing a project named Very Large Gamma-ray and Cosmic Ray Space Telescope (GCST). Compared with DAMPE, this project will significantly improve the capability of the high-energy gamma-ray detection. To achieve the objective, the research concentrates on the key technologies of the large-area and high-resolution silicon strip tracker, and includes following subjects: the high-precision assembly technology, the multi-channel and low-noise readout electronics, the on-orbit data processing algorithm, and the research on the detector's simulation and modeling.

随着科学技术的进步，人类探索多波段宇宙的活动越来越频繁，例如建立数以千计的地基望远镜用来观测可见光、红外、射电波段的宇宙辐射。当人类想要探测更高能量的宇宙辐射时，发现伽马射线、X射线、紫外波段的宇宙辐射几乎被大气层全部吸收，因而需要将探测设备发送到大气层以外进行空间探测。其中，伽马射线的空间观测是目前天文观测的前沿课题，研究表明，通过观测高能伽马射线的能谱和空间分布，可以探测暗物质分布及其物理特性。基于暗物质粒子探测卫星（DAMPE）建造和运行的技术积累和经验，我们团队提出了“伽马射线与宇宙甚大空间望远镜（GCST）”项目，该项目与DAMPE相比将显著提高伽马射线的探测能力。为实现该探测目标，本项目计划对大面积、高分辨率的硅微条径迹探测器的关键技术进行研究，内容包括：高精度的探测器微组装技术、多通道低噪声的读出电子学、在轨数据处理算法的研究、探测器仿真和建模研究。

伽马射线的空间观测是目前天文观测的前沿课题，研究表明，通过观测高能伽马射线的能谱和空间分布，可以探测暗物质分布及其物理特性。基于暗物质粒子探测卫星（DAMPE）建造和运行的技术积累和经验，我们团队提出了“伽马射线与宇宙甚大空间望远镜（GCST）”项目，该项目与DAMPE相比将显著提高伽马射线的探测能力。为实现该探测目标，本项目对大面积、高分辨率的硅微条径迹探测器的关键技术展开研究工作。在项目执行过程中，根据项目申请书和计划书的要求，项目组研制出一款大面积的硅微条探测器模块，并对探测器模块进行了基线和噪声测试、线性刻度测试、宇宙线测试、激光测试、束流测试。本项目还开展了探测器的仿真和建模工作，包括：电场仿真、能量沉积仿真、位置分辨率仿真、SPICE模型建立。为了解决硅微条探测器在实际应用中数据量巨大的难题，本项目还设计了一种硬件数据压缩算法可以快速对探测器数据进行压缩处理。