新型高分辨率伽马射线望远镜的关键技术研究

As the technology progresses, astronomical observation enters an all-band era. Compared with other bands, the gamma-ray observation exhibits more advantages in many physical processes, e.g., high-energy particles' transportation and acceleration, expansion of celestial bodies, explosion, particle destruction. Recent research shows that the observation of high-energy gamma-ray's spectrum and distribution can be used to explore the dark matter's distribution and physical characteristics. So gamma-ray's observation in space is one the most attractive subjects in the astronomical observations. Gamma-ray should be observed in space due to the absorption by earth atmosphere. On the other hand, the detection device's development technology is very complicated. Thus, the gamma-ray detection device is rare up to now. Since conventional detection technology cannot detect gamma-rays directly, recent detectors detect the gamma-ray's energy and trace information mainly by detecting the secondary particles from the interaction between gamma-rays and material. Therefore, it needs a particle detector of very high spatial resolution. This research concentrates on the silicon micro-strip detector of high resolution, and conducts a series of basic investigations on the key technology of the new high-resolution gamma-ray telescope's readout electronics. This research aims to provide the engineering basis for the dark matter and space detection, and it will promote the development and progress of the space detection technology.

随着技术的进步，天文观测进入全波段时代。相比其他波段，在许多物理过程中，伽玛射线波段的观测有更多的优势，如高能粒子的传输和加速，天体快速膨胀，爆炸，引力塌缩，粒子湮灭等。最近的研究表明，通过观测高能伽玛射线能谱和空间分布，可以探测暗物质分布及其物理特性。所以，伽玛射线的空间观测是目前天文观测的前沿课题。但由于地球大气的吸收，伽玛射线观测只能在宇宙空间中进行，另外观测设备的研制技术又十分复杂，所以到目前为止伽马射线的观测设备很少。常规观测技术一般无法观测到伽玛射线，目前主要通过观测伽玛射线与物质作用产生的次级粒子得到伽玛射线的能量和径迹信息，因而需要高空间分辨率的粒子探测器。本课题以高分辨率的硅微条粒子探测器为主要研究对象，对新型高分辨率伽马射线望远镜读出电子学方面的关键技术进行一系列研究和实践。本课题旨在为暗物质和空间探测提供工程实践基础，促进现有伽玛射线空间探测技术的发展和改进。

伽马射线的天文观测是目前天文观测的前沿课题，通过观测高能伽马射线的能谱和空间分布，可以研究宇宙中暗物质的分布及其物理特性。作为高分辨率伽马射线望远镜的主要探测器，硅微条探测器具有很高的位置分辨率和能量分辨率，非常适合探测粒子的径迹和能量。本项目主要针对硅微条探测器的关键技术展开研究，在项目执行过程中，根据项目申请书和计划书的要求，项目组完成了计划书规定的所有工作：研制了前端读出电路板、采集电路板、控制电路板、电源电路板，用硬件描述语言实现了控制逻辑，开发了上位机自动测试软件，研究了探测器的封装工艺，最终完成了一个硅微条探测器小型样机。测试表明：该样机在输入动态范围内具有很好的线性（积分非线性小于5%），同时具有很低的噪声（等效输入噪声电荷小于0.16 fC），样机测得的宇宙线能谱曲线可以清晰分辨出最小电离粒子的峰位，并且可以用朗道卷积高斯函数精确拟合。