NLRPs are members of nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)–like receptors (NLRs) which is a pattern recognition recptors family and widely expressed in the intestinal tract, which are involved in pathogen identification and inflammasome composition. The assembled inflammasomes can activate caspase-1 cascade which triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta which plays important roles in intestinal mucosal immunity. Our previous study found that Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) can downregulate NLRP6 and IL-1beta mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88, and improve intestinal mucosal immunity in piglets. Based on the published data, we hypothesize that L. acidophilus regulates intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets via the NLRP6/caspase-1 signaling pathway. In this study, we intend to use ETEC K88 as a pathogen and examine the expression of NLRP6, the activation of caspase-1 and the levels of IL-lbeta in porcine intestinal epithelial cells pretreated with L. acidophilus for determining whether L. acidophilus can regulate immunity. We will also detect the composition of NLRP6 inflammasome as well as its expression levels, the activation of key proteins of NLRP6 inflammasome signaling pathway, and the levels of IL-lbeta in the intestinal mucosa of piglets pretreated with L. acidophilus and thus to determine whether L. acidophilus regulates intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets via NLRP6/caspase-1 signaling pathway. These results will contribute to confirm the validity of the above assumption, and provide a new theoretical basis for the application of L. acidophilus.
NLRPs存在肠黏膜中,参与病原识别和炎性体组成。NLRPs识别病原后活化炎性体,激活caspase-1,调控炎性因子IL-1beta生成,调节黏膜免疫。课题组发现嗜酸乳酸杆菌提高仔猪肠黏膜免疫功能,下调大肠杆菌K88引起的仔猪肠黏膜NLRP6和IL-1beta的mRNA表达。因此,我们推测:“嗜酸乳酸杆菌通过NLRP6/caspase-1通路调控仔猪肠道黏膜免疫”。本研究以大肠杆菌K88为病原,(1)采用干扰技术抑制猪小肠上皮细胞中NLRP6表达和caspase-1活化,检测IL-1beta水平,在细胞试验中确定嗜酸乳酸杆菌是否通过NLRP6/caspase-1通路发挥免疫调节作用;(2)检测仔猪小肠黏膜中NLRP6炎性体各组分及其信号通路中关键蛋白活化,结合肠黏膜中IL-1beta水平,在动物试验中明确嗜酸乳酸杆菌调控仔猪肠道黏膜免疫的分子机制。证实设想的正确性,为其应用提供理论依据。
猪大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠杆菌(如大肠杆菌K88)引起的主要危害仔猪生长发育的一种多发病,发病仔猪病情轻时出现腹泻、肠炎,严重时会脱水甚至衰竭死亡,给养猪业造成重大经济损失。在养猪生产中,通过在饲料中添加抗生素,能够有效预防该病的发生,但抗生素的长期使用也产生了诸多的负面效应,对人类健康造成了巨大威胁。此外,仔猪断奶后还面临多种应激所致的肠道受损,如小肠绒毛萎缩、隐窝加深等。乳酸杆菌已经在食品、饲料和药物中被广泛应用,是仔猪肠道中最早定植的菌群之一,在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加使用,能够减少肠道应激,维持肠道内菌群平衡,增强机体免疫功能,促进肠黏膜修复,对于机体健康产生有益影响。因此,利用乳酸杆菌改善仔猪肠道屏障功能、防治猪大肠杆菌病是实现饲料抗生素的减量化甚至无抗化的手段之一。为了探讨乳酸菌改善仔猪肠道健康的分子机制,项目以临床常见病原菌大肠杆菌K88为病原模型,通过体内外试验研究嗜酸乳杆菌提高仔猪肠道粘膜免疫力的分子机制。研究结果发现,虽然致病性大肠杆菌能够促进肠上皮细胞病原识别受体NLRP6、炎性小体构成蛋白ASC和pro-caspase-1的表达,进而活化NLRP6炎性体,最终促使免疫效应分子IL-1β生成增加,引起仔猪肠道炎症反应,但是在仔猪日粮中添加嗜酸乳杆菌后,能够下调致病性大肠杆菌诱导的NLRP6、ASC和pro-caspase-1表达水平的升高,降低NLRP6炎性体的活化,致使促炎性细胞因子IL-1β生成减少,从而减轻了仔猪肠道炎症反应。本项目研究结果表明,在嗜酸乳杆菌提高仔猪肠道粘膜免疫中NLRP6/caspase-1信号通路发挥了一定的作用。本研究成果不仅为研究其他益生菌调节畜禽肠道健康提供新的思路和方法参考,还为乳酸杆菌作为免疫增强剂在饲粮中的应用提供理论依据,对乳酸杆菌在在仔猪断奶阶段饲粮中的应用具有较大的促进作用。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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