无机粘土/木质素接枝聚丙烯酰胺系复合高吸水树脂制备及其重金属离子吸附分离机制调控

In order to make superabsorbent have not only high water-absorbing and rentention water properties, but also composite, low-cost and inverse functional properties, a type of anti-salt inorganic clay/lignin graft-copolymerizing acrylamide system superabsorbent composites are prepared acording to the real applying environment and conditions, and the multipurpose using lignin which is the waste of the wood- hydrolysate and paper-making industries. The second or third monomers having a suitable structure and function are seclected or synthesized by employing inverse hydrophilization process, and the cross-linkers having suitable structure and function are seclected or synthesized by using the inverse structural and functional method. Under the action of the initiator(s) and the above-mentioned cross-linker, using inorganic clay(for example bentonite,monotmorillonite and kaolin) as the feed, the process of lignin graft-copolymerizing acrylamide and the sencond or third monomer is taken. The key preparing technology of the inorganic clay/lignin- g-acrylamide system superabsorbent composites is obtained by controlling the technological parameters of the polymerization process. The absorbencies and the adsorption capacities in the salt solutions with single or mixing heavy metal ion(s) are measured by simulating the competitive water-absorbing and adsorption process. The relation between the microcosmic structure of the above-mentioned superabsorbents and the absorbencies and the anti-salt properties, and the mechanism of the water-absorbing and the adsorbing and seperating processes are uncovered by measuring and analysizing the change of the microcosmic chemical and morphological structures before and after the water-absorbing and adsorbing process.

针对高吸水树脂要求高吸水保水化的同时复合化、低成本化和多功能化的热点和难点，根据实际使用环境和条件，综合利用木材水解与造纸工业废弃物- - 木质素，制备一类耐盐性无机粘土/木质素接枝共聚丙烯酰胺系复合高吸水树脂。采用单体亲水基团多样化和交联剂结构多样化与功能化，选择或合成具有适当结构和功能的第二/三单体和交联剂，以无机粘土（如蒙脱土、膨润土、高岭土）、木质素为原料，在引发剂作用下与丙烯酰胺及第二/三单体原位接枝共聚复合，调控聚合过程参数，获得无机粘土/木质素接枝共聚丙烯酰胺系复合高吸水树脂制备的关键技术，模拟竞争吸附过程，测试其在单一、混合重金属离子盐溶液的吸液吸附性能，检测与解析其吸液、吸附前后微观化学与形态结构的变化，阐明其微观结构与吸液、吸附性能间的关系，揭示其吸液、吸附分离机理，为含重金属离子废液处理的实际应用提供依据。

针对高吸水树脂要求高吸水保水化的同时复合化、低成本化和多功能化的热点和难点，根据实际使用环境和条件，综合利用木材水解与造纸工业废弃物——木质素，采用单体亲水基团多样化与功能化选择适当结构和功能的第二单体和交联剂，以膨润土、木质素为原料，在引发剂作用下与丙烯酰胺及第二单体原位接枝共聚复合，调控聚合过程参数，制备了膨润土/木质素接枝聚丙烯酰胺复合吸水吸附树脂（BLPAM）及其皂化产物（BLPAM-S）、膨润土/木质素接枝聚丙烯酰胺-马来酸酐复合吸水吸附树脂（BLPAMA）及其皂化产物（BLPAMA-S）、膨润土/木质素接枝聚丙烯酰胺-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸复合吸水吸附树脂（BLPAS）及其皂化产物（BLPAS-S），获得无机粘土/木质素接枝丙烯酰胺系复合高吸水树脂制备的关键技术，模拟竞争吸附过程，测试了上述6种复合高吸水树脂在单一、混合重金属离子盐溶液的吸液吸附性能，检测与解析了吸液吸附前后微观化学与形态结构的变化，揭示了其微观结构与吸液性能、耐盐性间的关系，以及吸液吸附分离机制，为含重金属离子废液处理的实际应用提供了依据。