高山公路环境下充液半挂液罐汽车横向动力学及适配技术研究

The maneuverability of tractor-semitrailer tank vehicle (TSTTV) which is one of the main transport tools currently for liquid goods is very poor caused by the strong coupling effect of the tank liquid and the vehicle in complex operation situations, so it seems very easy to cause lateral destabilization such as rollover, yaw jackknife when in this cases fatal accident won't be avoid. The proposed program aims to improve the TSTTV's lateral stability and security in the plateau and mountainous area by certain road condition oriented vehicle parameter-design and -match methodology. The roads in plateau and mountainous area are full of long slope, steep slope and abrupt curves, so in this kind of road conditions the TSTTV generally presents particular handling, stability and maneuverability behaviors which are very different from those in plain areas. According to this issue and the solution scheme of certain road condition oriented vehicle parameter-design and -match methodology, this program is to investigate a series of relevant sub-issues deeply. In detail, we are going to understand and reveal the TSTTV's lateral dynamics mechanism and the features of lateral destabilization when running on the roads of plateau and mountainous area. We also want to know the internal relationship between the lateral destabilization and this special road condition. As one of the main work of this program, the principle of certain road condition oriented tank-vehicle parameter design and match will be discussed in detail. Then a lateral stability evaluating model for TSTTV facing the road condition in plateau and mountainous area will be built. Finally, we plan to analyze and conclude the principle and experience of parameter design and match for TSTTV in this particular kind of road conditions. The successful implement of this program can do much help for the design of TSTTV and other special vehicles especially in some certain road conditions by offering systematic and scientific theories.

半挂液罐汽车(TSTTV)是公路液体货物运输的主力车型，在复杂的操纵工况下液-车之间强烈的耦合作用导致整车的操控性差，易发生侧翻或横摆失稳而引发严重的道路交通事故。本项目针对高原山区公路"坡长、坡陡、弯多、弯急"险恶的道路特征，以提高高山道路环境下TSTTV行驶的稳定性为目标，提出面向特定道路环境特征有针对性地进行TSTTV罐-车结构参数设计匹配的解决方案，并对相关理论和关键技术展开研究。研究高山道路环境下TSTTV的横向动力学特性、横向失稳特征及其与道路特征的内在联系，构建面向TSTTV横向稳定性的罐-车结构参数设计匹配的理论与方法，建立面向高山公路环境特征的TSTTV横向稳定性评价指标模型，总结归纳适应高山公路环境特征的TSTTV整体结构特征和罐-车参数的匹配原则。本项目研究将为特定道路环境下TSTTV及相关液罐车辆的结构设计、选配应用提供科学的理论依据。

半挂液罐汽车(TSTTV)在复杂操纵工况下由于罐内液体和车辆本身的强耦合作用，其整车动力学特性复杂、操控性差、易侧翻，特别是在高山公路环境下，由于坡多、坡陡、弯多、弯急常引发严重的道路交通事故。本项目以提高高山公路特殊道路环境下TSTTV复杂的动力学稳定性为目标，对TSTTV的整车动力学建模方法、整车动力学理论、罐-车结构参数的优化设计匹配方法、高山公路的道路特征和TSTTV的适配性等方面进行了深入研究。主要研究结果为：为弥补椭圆规摆(TP)等效机械液体侧向晃动模型在高充液比时预测误差较大的不足，提出了广义多质量TP模型的改进方案，将晃动液体的质量分为多个部分，通过合理分配各部分的质量及其间距来适应椭圆率和充液比的变化，推导了广义多质量TP模型动力学方程并给出了模型参数的拟合方法；采用TP等效机械液体侧向晃动模型建立了部分充液液罐车的侧倾动力学模型，研究了液罐车侧倾运动动力学理论，揭示了液罐车辆的侧翻机理以及与车辆结构参数的内在关系；基于TP等效机械液体晃动模型建立了七自由度的TSTTV整车侧向非线性耦合动力学模型，模型集成度高，可以在整车设计阶段针对液体介质、充液比、道路环境等复杂的运输工况，根据车辆在各种操纵工况下的侧倾稳定性、侧向动力学稳定性及操纵特性进行罐-车参数的多目标优化设计匹配；提出了TSTTV结构参数优化设计匹配的一般方法，采用正交试验设计得到了TSTTV在各种充液比下车辆结构参数的多元回归方程，优化设计匹配后TSTTV的操纵稳定性得到了显著提升；研究分析了高山公路的道路特征和TSTTV的适配性。本项目研究可以为高山公路等特定的道路环境下TSTTV及相关液罐车辆的结构设计、选配提供科学的理论依据。