基于地方依恋的三峡库区移民新镇外部空间特征与优化研究

Place attachment is a psychological demand that can not be ignored of immigrant groups. In the process of urbanization in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the residential pattern, land pattern, spatial pattern and life style changed greatly due to the tight schedule and large scale, which led to the weakening of spatial features in local migrant towns or even disappear. The immigrants' place attachment demand could not be met. Retrieve of attachmental space has positive significance to enhance the emotional identity and activity experience, as well as improving the living environment of the reservoir area. This study takes migrant towns in Three Gorges Reservoir area as the objects, selectiing the perspective of environmental behavior and landscape architecture, analyzes the perception index of immigrants based on method of scene virtual reality (VR), semantic analysis (SD), and environmental psychology; overlying subjective and objective indexes of perceptual measurements and psychological data to identify key trigger sites in migrant towns, forming attachmental spatial information database of immigration towns; Analyzes attachmental space from the aspects of distribution law, spatial form, landscape elements and way of usage, summarizing its features, revealling the interaction between man and land in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and further more, seeking the spatial optimization design method to meet the needs of immigrants, providing the theoretical basis and practical guidance for the construction of urban and rural in Three Gorges Reservoir area.

地方依恋是移民群体不容忽视的心理需求。在三峡库区城镇化进程中，由于时间紧、体量大，居民业态、土地模式、空间格局和生活方式等均发生了较大变化，导致了移民城镇空间特征的地方性趋弱甚至消失，移民群体的恋地需求无法得到满足。恋地空间的寻回对增强移民情感认同、提升活动体验以及完善库区人居环境都有着积极意义。本课题以三峡库区移民新镇为研究对象，从环境行为学和风景园林学相结合的视角，采用场景虚拟现实（VR）、语义分析（SD）、环境心理指标观测方法，分析移民群体的恋地感知指数；叠加恋地感知量表和恋地性感知指数数据两项主、客观指标识别关键恋地触发场所，形成移民新镇恋地性空间信息库；从分布规律、空间形态、景观要素、使用方式层面分析恋地性空间，总结其特征，揭示三峡库区内在的人地互动关系，进而探寻满足移民群体恋地需求的空间优化设计方法，为库区城乡建设提供可参考的理论依据和现实指导。

地方依恋是移民群体不容忽视的心理需求。在三峡库区城镇化进程中，由于时间紧、体量大，居民业态、土地模式、空间格局和生活方式等均发生了较大变化，导致了移民城镇空间特征的地方性趋弱甚至消失，移民群体的恋地需求无法得到满足。恋地空间的寻回对增强移民情感认同、提升活动体验以及完善库区人居环境都有着积极意义。本项目针对三峡库区移民城镇环境特征与优化策略展开研究，内容主要包括以下三个方面：1）基于地方依恋的三峡库区移民城镇社区公共空间研究路径；2）三峡库区移民社区的景感需求和优化策略；3）基于整体在地性视角下的库区山地城镇空间的演变。提出了移民群体恋地需求-社区空间恋地机制-公共空间品质提升的研究路径；分析了搬迁方式和环境现状对移民社区偏好差异的影响和初步的景观优化建议；揭示了库区移民城镇沿江风景系统在要素、界面、结构和内涵上的演变特征，即风景要素更替与去集群化、弱圈层化；滨江界面的推移与弹性转换；江-城-山风景结构的多类型化以及因人成景的风景内涵演化。研究为地域性景观研究提供新的思路与尝试，其中的经验与启示对其他类似的山地滨江城镇具有借鉴意义。