春油菜黄宽条跳甲的寄主选择机制研究

Sping rape is one of the most important oil crops in Inner Mongolia area, and there are very good qualitite of spring rape due to special climate in this area. Spring rape grows very quickly, it is the key point for sping rape to ensure sedings to improve the production and yield. Phyllotreta humilis Weise is the most important pest in the seeding period of spring rape, seeding and growing of rape are affected by the pest seriously. Chemical control was used to manage P. humilis. However chemical insecticides can pollute rape and it is conflicting with the good quality of rape. The study will solve the problems. First, three kinds of insect-resistance rapes and one susceptible rape have been selected in the previous study. They will be used to study mechanism of insect-resistance as materials. It will be measured that morphological characteristics and volatile compounds affected to P. humilis in host location, feeding and oviposition. Second, Nutrients（sugar，protein，amino acid, et al.）and plant secondary metabolite( glucosinolate, tannis, flavonoids, terpenoids, et. al.) will be studied to measure de effect of them to P. humilis. Third, The defense enzymes of rape, such as: PAL, POD, PPO, SOD,etc. will be discussed, and the metabolism enzymes of pests, for example: MFO, GST, CarE, etc. will be considered too. Mechanism of resistance of spring rape will be studied. The project will provide powerful technical support for the development of spring rape in Inner Mongolia area.

春油菜是内蒙古地区的重要油料作物，特殊的气候条件造就了良好的品质。春油菜发育时间短，保苗是保产关键。油菜跳甲是苗期重要害虫，现行的化学防治与生产优质油菜籽相互矛盾。本项目主要利用当地种子资源和前期工作基础，选择3个抗虫品种(大黄油菜、太空蒙Ⅳ、晋油4号)和一个感虫品种(晋油14号)，研究油菜跳甲对春油菜不同品种的寄主选择机制。主要研究不同油菜品种间外部形态、油菜挥发性物质对油菜跳甲寄主选择定位、取食、产卵的影响；油菜体内营养物质(糖、蛋白质、氨基酸等)和次生代谢物质如硫甙、单宁、黄酮类等对油菜跳甲的影响；油菜受油菜跳甲危害后体内防御酶系如SOD、PPO、PAL、POD等含量和活性的变化，明确防御酶在抗虫性中的作用；同时比较油菜跳甲取食不同油菜品种后，其生长发育、繁殖和体内解毒酶系MFO、GSTE、CarE等的变化，确定油菜跳甲不取食的原因，最终明确油菜跳甲对不同春油菜品种的选择机制。

春油菜是内蒙古地区重要的油料作物，特殊的地理环境和气候条件使本地油菜具有良好的品质优势。黄宽条跳甲是春油菜苗期重要的害虫，本项目主要研究了黄宽条跳甲对不同品种油菜的寄主选择机制，为油菜的绿色发展提供科学依据。.太空蒙Ⅳ和大黄油菜对黄宽条跳甲的抗性指数为4.25和3.25（感虫品种青油14为2.75）。黄宽条跳甲趋向于叶片含水量低、叶色浓绿、茸毛长且密度高的油菜品种。3个品种油菜叶片挥发性物质种类和含量不同，青油14含46种挥发性物质，主要挥发物质为异硫氰酸烯丙酯，相对含量为70.91%，大黄油菜含50种挥发性物质，主要挥发物质为异硫氰酸烯丙酯，其相对含量为62.40%，太空蒙Ⅳ含55种挥发性物质，主要挥发物质为2-乙烯醛，其相对含量为30.69%，异硫氰酸烯丙酯是油菜吸引黄宽条跳甲的主要挥发物。.油菜可溶性糖含量越低、叶绿素含量越高抗虫性越强。太空蒙IV与大黄油菜总酚含量、总黄酮含量显著高于青油14；总生物碱、单宁含量为太空＞大黄油菜＞青油，3个品种间均无显著性差异。3个品种油菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量不同，太空蒙Ⅳ硫代葡萄糖苷的含量显著低于大黄油菜和青油14。苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和过氧化物酶(POD)对抗虫性影响大，TI活性越高，油菜抗虫性越强。.黄宽条跳甲取食3个品种油菜后，生长发育不受油菜品种影响。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶GSTs活性为取食太空＞大黄油菜＞青油，品种间GSTs活性差异极显著。.油菜苗期叶片喷施100μmol/L的茉莉酸后，使3种油菜的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量显著降低。4种防御酶和蛋白酶抑制剂活性升高，可溶性单宁和硫代葡萄糖苷的含量显著提高。但JA处理对油菜生长发育状况没有显著影响。JA可诱导植物产生各种抗性物质并降低营养物质含量从而诱导植株抗性提高。.研究结果对未来油菜的大面积推广种植、油菜的抗虫育种提供了科学依据。