侵爆作用下土石坝局部毁伤效应研究

Reservoir dams，as the significant national works, are vulnerable to potential military strike and terrorist attack. In view of the present lack of thorough and systematic researches on the penetration & explosion-induced local damage effects on the earth-rockfill dams, which account for the 90% proportion of reservoir dams in China, studies are to be carried out by means of field investigation, theoretical analysis, model test and numerical simulation, which considering the characteristics such as discrete material, layered medium, containing water and multiple free surfaces. It is expected to reveal the mechanical mechanism that is on the projectile-target interaction process, proportional buried depth, cratering and uplift under the blast shock, and develop the law of similarity of the granular media and the stratified medium under the penetration and explosion. The engineering calculation methods and the local failure laws of the earth-rockfill dam under penetration and explosion will be researched through indoor similar simulation experiments and numerical computation model based on the elastic-plastic hydrodynamic model. The expected research results can provide technical support to blast resistance and safety design of earth-rockfill dam.

水库大坝是国家重要经济目标，极易成为军事打击和恐怖袭击主要的潜在目标。以占我国水库大坝90%以上的土石坝为背景，针对其抗侵彻与爆炸局部破坏效应尚未开展系统深入研究的现状，采用现场调研，理论分析、模型试验及数值模拟等手段，考虑土石坝散体材料、介质分层、含水和多临空面等特点，开展土石坝在侵彻和爆炸作用下的局部毁伤效应研究，揭示爆炸冲击条件下土石坝坝体的弹靶作用过程、比例埋深与成坑、隆起的力学机理，得到土石坝散体介质和分层介质侵彻与爆炸相似规律，提出侵爆作用下土石坝局部毁伤效应的工程计算方法；采用室内相似模拟实验与基于流体弹塑性模型的数值计算方法，得到侵爆作用下土石坝的局部破坏规律。项目预期研究成果将为土石坝的抗爆安全设计提供技术支撑。

水库大坝工程战时将成为敌方战略袭击的重要目标，在大当量常规武器打击下，坝体局部毁伤形式决定了大坝的整体毁伤程度和溃决模式，开展侵爆作用下土石坝局部毁伤效应研究，对于水库大坝的安全防护具有重要的现实意义。课题组调研了土石坝坝体散体材料、介质分层、含水和多临空面等目标特性，阐明了大当量常规武器袭击对土石坝坝体爆炸毁伤的两种实验室模拟方法：离心机爆炸模拟方法和真空室爆炸模拟方法，并对两种模拟方法特点进行了对比分析；基于相似理论，给出了适用于土石坝散体材料的大当量地下爆炸真空室模拟相似材料的制备技术和方法，自主设计研制了地下爆炸效应模拟试验装置，解决了离心机无法模拟土石坝大当量地下爆炸抛掷弹坑和疏松鼓包毁伤效应的难题，研制出双层相似模拟材料，初步揭示了不同阻抗、比例埋深下分层介质中浅埋爆炸相似规律，相关研究成果可为为大当量钻地武器地下爆炸成坑毁伤机制和大型工程爆破效果的预测预报提供参考和实验研究平台。