木本植物多度在其地理范围内分布格局及其生态位机制

Spatial distribution in abundance of woody species with its geographic range is fundamental for ecology, evolution, biogeography, and biodiversity conservation. It has been assumed that species abundance follows a simple rule geographically, which has been supported in some theories. However, the assumptions about species-abundance distribution have rarely been tested empirically. Some recent researches indicated that the abundance distribution is more complicated than was assumed previously. In this sense, the breakdown of one rule creates a new window for theory and applied research in this field. Currently, the troubles are 1) uncertainty in identifying range center of species, 2) lack of researches in multiple-scale framework, 3) bias in taxa of interest, mainly toward animals, 4) too small samples of abundance to cover all or most of species range, 5) too small number of environmental variables sampled to capture ecological niche of species. This project focuses on subtropical woody species in China which are crucial for ecosystem and other organisms but with few concerns. Currently, the geo-referenced distribution of species and forest biodiversity monitoring network (with abundance) are available to us. A new platform database with abundance and species distribution at meso-scales will be established, and more environmental variables crucial for woody species will be sampled and extracted in this project. We aim to examine the geographic distribution in abundance at multiple scales and test how ecological niches determine the abundance distribution. Due to the high biodiversity and special geography in China, this project is promising in great advance in this field and helpful to China's biodiversity conservation.

物种多度在其地理范围内的分布结构是生态、进化、生物地理学和保护生物学最基本的问题之一。尽管人们认为物种多度存在简单规律性分布并提出相应理论解释，但缺乏实际数据验证；新的一些研究表明物种多度格局呈现出很强的复杂性，为重新认识物种多度格局及基于多度格局的理论开辟了新机会。目前，多度地理分布研究存在的主要问题是1）物种分布范围中心的确定，2）缺少多尺度研究，3）研究的生物类群不均衡，主要偏向动物，4）多度取样样本量小，5）包括的生境变量少，不能准确评估物种生态位。本研究以当前研究较少但对其它生物类群和生态系统有关键作用的中国亚热带木本植物为研究对象，以已有的物种地理分布信息数据库和遍布全国生物多样性监测网络平台为基础，增加中尺度物种多度和分布信息及更详细的生境变量，开展多尺度的木本植物多度分布格局及生态位机制研究。由于我国生物多样性和地理环境的独特性，本研究有望该领域获得突破，为我国生物多样性保护支持。

本项目按照项目任务书的目标、内容和计划开展工作，完成了本项目各项野外及其他各项数据的收集和整理任务，特别完成了本项目核心新增数据，即中等（景观）尺度森林木本植物多度、分布及环境因子数据库，该数据库覆盖整个古田山国家级自然保护区，由387个20 x 20 m森林样方组成，包含62个科、143属、253种、11万余木本植物个体及17个环境因素指标，不仅为本项目奠定了坚实基础，也形成了长期的研究和监测平台，以此为基础获得两个关于生物多样性监测和评估的国家项目资助。同时，国家留学基金管理委员会和中国科学院批准资助本项目两名研究人员到荷兰和丹麦进行为期一年访问研究。由于野外工作耗时、物种鉴定困难，延误了本项目数据分析和论文发表进度，目前完成了一篇学术论文，已投稿Global Ecology and Biogeography，正在审稿中。本项目研究目标明确、技术路线清晰、获得的数据科学扎实，未来1-2年将完成本项目确定的所有研究目标。