基于仿生原理的高强钢热成形局部硬化与模具强化机理的基础研究

Using high strength steel is an effective way for lightweight, energy saving, emmission reduction and crash safety of automobile. The application and popularitation of high strength steel hot forming techonolgy have high economic value and social significance for automobile industry. To control the cooling rate of the part local area precisely and improve the forming quality for hot forming of high strength steel and to satisfy the technical requirements for intensifying die surface and increasing die life and reducing the product cost, the bionic partial hardening mechanism and die surface biomimetic hardening treatment method of hot forming of high strength steel are carried out by using engineering bionics theory. By using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental research methods, blood circulation heat exchange principle and temperature regulation mechanism of creature surface, cooling mechanism and control method of die bionic cooling water, anti-fatigue mechanism of friction reduction and wear-resisting and its design and processing methods are further studied. The basic theories of the bionic cooling hardening and die surface biomimetic strengthening of hot forming are established. The key technical problems of partial hardening precision control of part and improving the die surface mechanical strength are solved. The implementation of this project will establish the theoretical basis for practical proposition of high strength steel bionic hot forming technology.

高强度钢板的应用是实现汽车轻量化，达到节约能源、降低排放和提高安全性目的的重要途径，高强钢板热成形技术的运用和普及对我国汽车工业发展具有较高的经济价值与社会意义。针对高强钢热成形中精确控制零件局部区域冷却速度、提高零件成形质量的技术需求，以及强化模具表面、提高模具寿命、降低加工成本的技术需求，本项目运用工程仿生理论，开展高强钢板热成形仿生局部硬化机制及模具仿生表面强化处理方法的基础研究。采用理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究等方法，对生物体表血液循环热交换原理及温度调节机制、热成形模具仿生冷却水道的冷却机理及控制方法、模具表面仿生形态的减阻耐磨抗疲劳机理及其优化设计加工方法等问题进行深入研究，建立系统的热成形仿生冷却硬化控制和模具表面仿生强化处理的基本理论，解决高强钢热成形工件的局部硬化精度控制和改善模具表面机械性能的关键技术，为高强钢板仿生热成形技术的实用化奠定理论基础。

本项目运用工程仿生理论，开展高强钢板热成形仿生局部硬化机制及模具仿生表面强化处理方法的基础研究。采用理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究等方法，对生物体表血液循环热交换原理及温度调节机制、热成形模具仿生冷却水道的冷却机理及控制方法、模具表面仿生形态的减阻耐磨理及其优化设计加工方法等问题进行深入研究，建立了系统的热成形仿生冷却硬化控制和模具表面仿生强化处理的基本理论，运用有限元法分析了高强钢板局部硬化成形过程中各部分的温度场情况、板料组织变化情况等，并建立了模具表面磨损情况的有限元分析与模具寿命预测方法。开展了热成形冷却系统的优化设计，进行了系统的热成形实验和模具仿生表面磨损实验，进而验证了成形板料硬度控制方法的可行性和有限元理论分析方法的有效性。解决了高强钢热成形工件的局部硬化精度控制和改善模具表面机械性能的关键技术，为高强钢板仿生热成形技术的实用化奠定基础。