高性能聚酰亚胺超疏界面材料的电纺制备与性能调控

Inspired by natural organisms who possess unique hydrophobicities, a series of superhydrophobic materials have been fabricated and devoloped by researchers world-widely. Designing and preparing superhydrophobic interfacial materials with controllable adhesions and comprehensive high performances is always a challenging topic. In this research, we plan to combine the high performance of polyimide (PI) and the facility of electrospinning to meet the challenges. By molecular designing of PI (to introduce fluoride, phosphorous, silicon and hydroxy based groups), we will modify the surface free energy of PI to afford PI with proper water repellency; by manipulating the electrospinning parameters, we will construct PI into nonwoven mat with various micro-nano multi-scaled fine morphology. Its features include wetting property stability, adjustable water-solid adhesion (ranged from 10-150μN), large scale reproduction, appliable in harsh enviroment, e.g. extreme heat, high tension and abrasions. These feature will guarantee such material's practicality and durability. We will also probe into the relationships of chemical composite, interfacial micro structure and wetting behaviors to reveal the science among these three factors which will facilitate the fabrications of the novel superhydrophobic material with adjustable adhesion. Such materials can be potentially applied in non-loss micro fluid control, surface anti-wetting, anti-fouling, locallized chemical reaction, et al.

受自然界具有典型超疏浸润性的生物启发，国内外制备了一系列超疏水材料，然而设计制备高性能且粘附力可控的超疏界面材料一直是一个具有挑战性的课题。本研究拟结合聚酰亚胺的优异性能与静电纺丝法的便捷高效来解决上述问题。首先利用分子设计合成具有不同含氟量的聚酰亚胺，同时通过引入含磷、含硅或含羟基基团对其表面自由能进行精细调控；然后利用静电纺丝技术，通过控制电纺工艺，将不同聚酰亚胺构筑成具有不同微纳多级结构的无纺布，以制备具有优异综合性能，且粘附力精确可控的新型超疏界面材料，其超疏水热稳定性在300 C以上，粘附力在10-150μN范围可控，并可大面积制备，解决超疏水材料的实用、耐用性问题。在此基础上，通过深入研究以揭示材料化学组成、微纳结构与固体表面浸润性及粘附力的关系。此类高性能可控粘附力聚酰亚胺超疏界面材料可在极端环境下使用，在无损微液滴运输、表面防水防污、定点液相化学反应等方面具有潜在应用价值。

受自然界具有典型超疏浸润性的生物启发，本研究结合聚酰亚胺的优异性能与静电纺丝法的便捷高效制备了一系列具有优异综合性能的聚酰亚胺超疏界面材料。首先设计合成了多种具有不同化学结构的聚酰亚胺树脂基体；然后仿生制备了具有花瓣效应的耐高温聚酰亚胺表面、具有荷叶效应的耐高温耐摩擦复合薄膜，并成功实现了弱疏水聚酰亚胺材料的超疏水浸润特性及其粘附力转变；所制备的新型聚酰亚胺超疏界面材料具有优异综合性能，且粘附力精确可控，其超疏水热稳定性在300°C以上，并可大面积制备，解决超疏水材料的实用、耐用性问题。在此基础上，深入研究并揭示了聚酰亚胺材料化学组成、微纳结构与固体表面浸润性及粘附力的关系。相关应用探索研究表明，此类仿生可控粘附力聚酰亚胺超疏界面材料可在极端环境下使用，在无损微液滴运输、表面防水防污、高效过滤材料、智能水上设备等方面具有潜在应用价值。