红树植物海芒果果实及其3株内生真菌抗海洋生物附着活性物质的发现

Protection of ships' hulls from foulings can go back more than 2000 years when humans built boats.Various toxic materials have been used for control of fouling organisms, among which organotin compounds, especially tributyltin (TBT) and TBT oxide (TBTO), are remarkably effective. Marine foulings leads to lost more than 6.0 billion USD every year world-wide, damage all the man-made underwater constructions, increase fuel consumption, shorten metal life span, block the pipe system, increase maintenance cost. Current antifoulants have many problems, such as highly toxic, non-specific, accumulate in organisms and sediments, hazardous to human. International Maritime Organization (IMO) have stoped the use of TBT products in 2008, cupric oxide-based paints have been introduced as alternative paints, but these paints also showed environmental problems, in the future, cupric oxide-based paints will be restricted. So far, no natural bioactive compounds have been developed into commercial antifoulants yet. Searching for natural nontoxic antifoulants from marine organisms is new trend to solve marine fouling organisms in recent years. Its aim is to search for high efficient and nontoxic antifoulants to replace chemical synthetic ones which are unfortunately found to have widespread toxic effects on marine environment. A number of new natural product antifoulants have been identified from marine orgnisms, and antifouling lead compounds have been tested for potential industrial applications. Our prevoius study showed that crude extracts of mangrove plant Cerbera manghas L. and three strain endophytic fungi exsibited potential antifouling activity, so we use this material for future study. This research is on multidiscipline cooperation of marine biology, marine chemical ecology,and marine natural products. Bioassay guide of antifouling activity, isolation, and structure determination of antifouling compounds by using chromatographic and spectral methods,and study structure-activity relationships for some of the more promising compounds, coupled with studies on their mechanism of marine chemical ecology.

污损生物对海洋设施造成严重危害，给海洋产业带来极大经济损失，是海洋开发要迫切解决的首要问题。含有毒重金属或杀虫剂的防污剂对海洋环境的破坏日益突出，寻找既能防止污损生物附着，又对环境无害的可降解物质具有特殊的重要性和紧迫性。用化学生态学的方法从海洋生物中寻找抑制污损生物附着的活性物质，成为近年来解决海洋污损生物的新思路。前期研究表明：红树植物海芒果及其内生真菌粗提物具有较强的抗附着活性。本课题旨在通过海洋生物学，化学生态学和海洋天然产物化学等多学科的交叉配合，以抗网纹藤壶金星幼虫附着活性筛选为导向，结合现代色谱学，现代波谱学，现代色谱-波谱联机技术，快速分离并结构确定的抑制藤壶幼虫附着的化学信号分子，改构活性成分，发现生产新的抗附着先导结构，研究抗附着活性与结构关系，并进行抗贻贝等其他污损生物附着的研究，初步揭示抗附着物质的作用机制，为研制海洋红树来源的新型高效无毒绿色环保防污剂奠定基础。

污损生物对海洋设施造成严重危害，给海洋产业带来极大经济损失，是海洋开发要迫切解决的首要问题。含有毒重金属或杀虫剂的防污剂对海洋环境的破坏日益突出，寻找既能防止污损生物附着，又对环境无害的可降解物质具有特殊的重要性和紧迫性。用化学生态学的方法从海洋生物中寻找抑制污损生物附着的活性物质，成为近年来解决海洋污损生物的新思路。研究表明：红树植物海芒果及其内生真菌粗提物具有较强的抗附着活性。本课题通过海洋生物学，化学生态学和海洋天然产物化学等多学科的交叉配合，以抗网纹藤壶金星幼虫附着活性筛选为导向，结合现代色谱学，现代波谱学，现代色谱-波谱联机技术，快速分离并结构确定的抑制藤壶幼虫附着的化学信号分子，分离鉴定200余个单体化合物，其中结构新颖的化合物50个，发现10个抗网纹藤壶幼虫附着活性强的化合物，研究抗附着活性与结构关系。为研制海洋红树来源的新型高效无毒绿色环保防污剂奠定基础。