卷烟燃烧过程中有害微量元素及其赋存状态的迁移转化行为研究

Toxic trace elements in tobacco and cigarette smoke are important sources for human hazard exposure during smoking process. But the toxicities of these toxic trace elements such as arsenic, mercury, chromium and so on, depending mostly on their chemical speciations. Therefore, HPLC-ICP-MS technique is going to be adopted in this study to analyze the fate of toxic trace elements concentration and speciations such as immigration, transformation, diffusion and distribution in the mediums of tobacco cut, mainstream and side-stream smoke (condensate), particulate matter retained in the filter, tobacco residue and cigarette ash. And temperatures of different combustion temperature zone were simulated to discuss the speciation transformation behaviors in different temperature and combustion process. In the end, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer equipped with real-time temperature device will be adopted to reveal the relationships between element speciation and changes of functional group and other substances induced by thermal splitting in cigarette combustion process. Over all, the speciation transformation regulations and mechanism of these toxic elements will be discovered and concluded. The assumed outcome may provide theoretical clue for the ‘real’ toxicity assessment of these toxic trace elements to human and new ideas for reducing the toxicities of these toxic trace elements in cigarettes.

烟草和卷烟烟气中有害微量元素是造成卷烟燃吸过程中有害物质暴露的一个重要原因。但有害微量元素诸如砷、汞、铬等对人体的有害程度与其赋存状态密切相关。因此，本研究用采用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱连续分析方法对卷烟在抽吸过程中有害微量元素及其赋存状态在烟草、主流/测流烟气（冷凝物）、滤嘴截留粒相物、残留烟丝、烟灰等组分中的迁移、转化、分散和分布特性进行研究，并通过模拟不同燃烧区域的温度和特征探讨有害微量元素在卷烟燃吸不同过程和温度下的赋存状态转化行为，利用实时升温傅里叶转换红外光谱分析揭示有害微量元素赋存状态变化与卷烟热解行为中主要官能团和其他物质成分变化的关系，从而揭示卷烟燃吸过程中有害微量元素的变化规律和转化机理。为评估卷烟燃吸过程中有害微量元素的实际人体危害性奠定基础并为降低卷烟中有害微量元素危害提供思路。

卷烟烟气中的有害元素可能会蓄积在人体内，但其中部分微量元素的有害程度与其赋存状态密切相关。本课题对卷烟及燃吸组分中砷、铬、汞三种有害微量元素及其赋存状态进行了研究，追溯了卷烟烟丝中的微量元素向烟气中迁移、转化、分散特性，并结合了体外毒理学研究手段研究了主要赋存状态的毒理学效应。首先通过液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱连续分析方法测定了卷烟及烟气中的微量元素赋存形态，得出卷烟烟气有害微量元素的可检出形态中，As主要以毒性较高的As（Ⅲ）和As（V）两种无机形态存在，Cr主要以较低毒性的Cr（Ⅲ）形态存在，在有害微量元素从烟草向烟气的转移过程中较多地形成As（Ⅲ）/As（V）和Cr（Ⅲ）。毒理学测试表明砷的As（Ⅲ）形式引起的急性毒性风险比As（V）要高，因此在风险控制中需要较多地关注这几种形态造成的生物安全性风险。同时对于认识有害微量元素在卷烟燃烧过程中造成的抽吸危害提供了重要线索。项目资助发表论文1篇，待发表2篇，申请专利7项。项目投入经费20万元，支出19.99万元，项目总体支出与预算相符。