3,3'-二氯联苯和多氯联苯的新污染源、环境行为及环境健康效应评价

3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl is not produced during the production and use of commercial polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) mixtures. It has aroused great concerns in the recent years due to its specific emission sources. This project aims to investigate sources, environmental behavior and environmental health risks of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl for the first time. First, the emission of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl and other PCBs by pigment yellow product and its industrial manufacture will be investigated in detail. Second, typical urban area, rural area and e-waste dismantling area will be selected. The contamination characteristics, environmental media transport, partition, fate and bioaccumulation of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl and other PCBs will be studied in various environmental media including atmosphere, soil, crops and biological samples. Furthermore, the potential environmental and human health risks of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl and other PCBs, which were produced in the industrial manufacture of pigment yellow will be assessed by analyzing the environmental samples and the human samples from employment workers and the surrounding residents. The expecting results from this project will discover the main sources of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl and the new sources of other PCBs caused by the manufacture and use of pigment yellow. It will help for us to fully obtain the current contamination status of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl and other PCBs in the environmental media in China. It also provide scientific evidence and support for assessing the potential environmental and human health risks of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl and other PCB pollutants.

3,3'-二氯联苯是一种与多氯联苯工业生产无关的化合物，由于其具有特殊的污染源，近年来受到了重点关注。本项目将首次系统地研究3,3'-二氯联苯的污染源、环境行为和环境健康效应。围绕颜料黄及其工业生产过程，研究颜料黄的生产对于周围环境造成的3,3'-二氯联苯及一般多氯联苯的污染问题。选择典型城市、乡村、电子垃圾拆解区作为研究区域，拟从不同区域大气、土壤、农作物、生物等环境介质中3,3'-二氯联苯及一般多氯联苯的污染特征、环境多介质迁移、分配、归趋及生物富集等方面开展研究。围绕颜料黄的生产对于周围环境、职业暴露人群及周围居民造成的生态和健康影响，进一步评价其潜在的生态风险和健康风险。研究结果将揭示3,3'-二氯联苯的主要污染源及一般多氯联苯的新污染源问题，将有助于我们全面掌握3,3'-二氯联苯及一般多氯联苯化合物我国典型区域环境中的污染现状，同时为评估污染物带来的环境风险和健康风险提供科学依据

本项目围绕3,3'-二氯联苯（PCB-11）的污染源、环境行为和环境健康效应开展研究。主要研究了颜料黄产品及颜料生产企业周边大气、土壤、农作物等环境介质及周边居民头发样品中PCB-11及PCBs的污染水平、分布特征及致癌风险，并对PCB-11及PCBs在我国典型城市地区及电子垃圾拆解地等典型区域的污染现状、分布特征及在食物链中的迁移转化开展了相关研究。结果显示颜料黄产品中ΣPCBs及PCB-11浓度分别在0.92-5.1 mg/g（中值1.8μg/g）、0.92-4.2 mg/g（中值1.1μg/g）之间，远高于其他相关报道。作为颜料中PCBs的主要检出单体，PCB-11约占PCBs总量的86%。颜料生产厂附近大气、土壤等环境介质中PCB-11及PCBs浓度明显高于周边区域，表明黄色有机颜料生产过程不仅是PCB-11的重要污染源也是其他PCBs的重要排放源。致癌风险分析表明颜料厂周边居民的致癌风险值为5.7×10-7~4.8×10-6（平均值2.3×10-6），表明居民具有较高的致癌风险。颜料厂附近居民头发中ΣPCBs和PCB-11的浓度分别为0.48-2.1μg/g、0.69-12.6μg/g。女性居民中PCBs和PCB-11的内暴露水平高于男性，并且成年人体内的内暴露水平高于未成年人。水生食物链中PCB-11及PCBs均表现出明显的生物富集趋势，但未发现其随营养级生物放大的趋势。我国典型城市地区大气中PCBs的浓度处于一般污染水平，区域分布呈现人口密集的城市地区大于郊区的特点，季节分布呈现夏季大于冬季的特点。雾霾天气造成大气中PCBs的浓度明显升高，对居民造成较高的呼吸暴露风险。研究结果揭示了3,3'-二氯联苯的主要污染源及一般多氯联苯的新污染源问题，为我们全面掌握3,3'-二氯联苯及一般多氯联苯在我国环境中的新型污染源、污染现状和在环境介质中的迁移转化规律以及全面地评价污染物可能带来的健康风险提供了数据支持和科学依据。