极大望远镜与宽视场科学仪器接口离轴波前传感器关键技术研究

The interface requirements become more strict and important between extremly large telescope and its wide field instruments. The instruments would be configured near axis. There exists large uncorrected aberation like astigamatism for off-axis field positions and the aberration change as the change of the field positions rather quickly for far off-axis points.This research will focus on the on-instrument wavefront sensor configured at far off-axis positions with large astigmatism.The wavefront sensor model for connecting extremly large telescope and instrument would be studied as well as the accurate calibration of off-axis wavefront sensor with large aberation.Stability of the patrolling schemes of the wavefront sensor is investigated. The wavefront reconstruction algorithm and the method for matching curved telescope focal plane and that of the instrument to wavefront sensor would be studied by experiments.The study aims to develope related technology to the construction of large instruments for extremly large telescope.

极大望远镜的仪器规模随着望远镜口径同比增大,对接口的要求却变得更加严格。针对极大望远镜(如TMT)中心视场附近需要配置科学仪器而边缘视场有较大未校正像差并随观测位置像差而有较大变化的特点，拟开展仪器上波前传感相关技术研究,包括仪器接口波前传感器的理论模型研究,导星和波前传感的视场覆盖研究,仪器上高精度大离轴像差波前传感器定标校正模型与技术, 大视场波前传感的视场巡航实现方法,以及传感器与极大望远镜和科学仪器焦面匹配的实验研究.通过本项目研究,为中国全面参与或主持一项TMT科学仪器做好技术储备，增强为极大望远镜自主研制新一代仪器的配套能力.

极大望远镜对宽视场科学仪器提出了更高的要求，二者之间的接口和匹配是获得高质量天文数据的重要条件。在接口单元中通常有多组导星和波前传感器，以解决在科学视场周围能找到星并且能在不同视宁度条件下良好匹配。课题组成员持续参与国际合作项目三十米望远镜宽视场光谱仪的研究，独立完成2个工作包，并参与3个工作包的研究,相关技术报告通过国际评审。.在研究内容方面首先提出将归一化点源灵敏度像质评价方法用于宽视场光谱仪及与望远镜的接口分析。研究了光谱仪关键元件离轴准直镜在仪器旋转过程中对系统像质稳定性的影响。开展了适合高离轴角大像差波前传感器的理论、算法及实测研究。开展了宽视场光谱仪波前传感的方案研究，进行了多个波前传感器实现望远镜与仪器对准的精度分析。开展了导星和波前传感器覆盖大视场巡航原理和巡航方案的比较研究。进行了基于Hartmann快门的原理、算法和试验研究，提出基于视场的分布函数测量恢复已知光学系统的失调像差的方法。该方法可用于调试阶段匹配极大望远镜与科学仪器的焦面。.该课题针对极大望远镜和宽视场光谱仪的接口及其波前传感器，在方案、原理和算法实现方面的研究对中国建造相关仪器具有借鉴和指导意义。