极大望远镜宽视场光谱仪准直镜柔性支撑系统关键技术研究

Extremely Large Telescope terminal instrument need to high stability, and structure design optimization and initiative compensation correction was used to improve its stability. The structure design optimization methods were studied for improving the performance of the terminal instrument of extremely Large Telescope in this paper. WFOS (Wide Field Spectrometer) collimator mirror system of Thirty Meters Telescope (TMT) as the research object, using satisfactory design of the structure to reduce the mechanical structure deformation with changes in the direction of gravity and temperature to reduce the difficulty and risk of initiative compensation correction for Point Model of telescope. The flexible support system optimization design method of collimator and temperature stability were studied to explore TMT terminal instrument structure optimization methods. It is also helpful improvement the independent development of large astronomical telescopes for our country.

极大望远镜终端仪器对仪器的稳定性要求很高，国外大部分极大望远镜终端仪器大部分采用本体结构优化设计和主动开环补偿，来矫正望远镜的指向模型。因此，本体结构优化的方法用于提高极大望远镜整体仪器性能是提高极大望远镜指向模型精度首要技术手段，也是展开主动补偿法的前提和基础，也是终端仪器自身性能的直接体现。本项目以三十米望远镜（TMT）宽视场光谱仪（WFOS）光谱仪准直镜系统作为研究对象，通过合理的设计结构降低机械结构由于重力方向变化和温度载荷变化引起的结构变形，减少后续主动补偿矫正难度和风险。围绕准直镜柔性支撑结构优化设计方法和温度稳定性等方面进行深入研究，探索极大望远镜终端仪器结构优化方法，建立和发展适合极大望远镜终端仪器结构优化设计新方法，为推动中国全面参与或主导一两个TMT科学仪器的研制打下基础，通过该项研究为我国自主发展中国的天文大望远镜和科学仪器增强配套能力。

随着望远镜口径越来越大，配置在望远镜上的科学仪器尺寸和性能要求也越来越高。终端仪器由于望远镜运动或自身消旋运动受到不同重力向量的作用产生一定的结构变形，而且随着望远镜和终端仪器自身线性尺寸的变大影响更为剧烈。为了消除结构变形的影响，需要对仪器的光机结构的优化设计，提高仪器稳定性的同时，进一步降低后续仪器进行主动的补偿矫正难度和风险。本项目主要以三十米望远镜（TMT）宽视场光学光谱仪（WFOS）为背景进行宽视场光谱仪准直镜柔性支撑多目标和多参数优化设计研究，寻求快速全局高效多学科集成仿真优化方法研究。本项目的研究将为我国自主发展中国的天文大望远镜和科学仪器增强配套能力和技术积累。