吸热碳氢燃料基多功能化纳米流体的制备、性能及热化学

For the active thermal protection of hypersonic aircrafts, this project will prospectively study one kind of high development potential coolant, multi-functional nanofluids with endothermic hydrocarbon fuels (EHF) as base liquids, and mainly investigate the preparation, performance and thermochemistry of such nanofluids to make show some key scientific issues. The multi-functional nanoparticles will be synthesized to be composed of a metal or metallic oxide core and its surface-modified layer or ligands. With careful design and synthesis, the surface-modified nanoparticles are required to have satisfactory lipophilicity and stability in the EHFs and possess the potential capacity of multiple functions. With a suitable combination of the multi-functional nanoparticles and the base liquid of high quality EHF, the nanofluids coupling with the functions of antioxidation, heat transfer enhancement, nano-catalysis and effective heat sink increase will be prepared. With the systematic measurements on the thermal stability, viscosity, thermal conductivity and interfacial tension, the influences on the fluidic properties of the types of nanoparticles, ligand, scale and addition amount will be grasped. From the thermochemistry experiments of thermal oxidation, pyrolysis and heat transfer and the calorimetry determinations under high heat flux, with combination of the analyses of gaseous and liquid products, the intrinsic laws for the effective heat sink and heat transfer security, the thermodynamics and kinetics on the nanofluids will be obtained. The research results of this project will provide an important theoretical basis on the exploration of new advanced liquid propellants.

本项目以高超声速飞行器的主动热防护为背景，前瞻性地研究具有发展潜力的吸热碳氢燃料基多功能纳米流体推进剂的制备、性能及相关热化学过程中的关键科学问题。通过精心设计和合成纳米核（纳米金属或金属氧化物颗粒）及其表面修饰物质（配体），构筑多功能化的纳米粒子，既解决纳米粒子亲油性和稳定性问题，又赋予所需要的"多功能"潜质。将多功能化纳米粒子与高质量的吸热碳氢燃料基液合理配伍，形成能够将抗氧化、强化传热、纳米催化和提高有效热沉等功能高度耦合于一体的纳米流体。通过热稳定性、黏度、导热系数、界面张力等的系统测定，把握纳米粒子种类、配体、尺度和加入量对流体性能的影响规律；通过热氧化、裂解、传热等热化学实验和高热流密度下的量热学测定，结合气、液产物分析，获得有效热沉和换热安全性，以及相关热力学和动力学规律。研究成果可为先进的液体推进剂研制新途径的探索提供重要理论基础。

吸热碳氢燃料是为高超声速飞行器同时提供推动力和热沉的先进高能液体推进剂，本项目以高超声速飞行器的主动热防护为背景，前瞻性地研究了具有发展潜力的吸热碳氢燃料基多功能纳米流体推进剂的制备、性能及相关热化学过程中的关键科学问题，其研究具有理论价值和战略意义。项目通过精心设计和合成纳米核（纳米金属或金属氧化物颗粒）及其表面修饰物质（配体），构筑了多功能化的纳米粒子，既解决了纳米粒子亲油性和稳定性问题，又赋予了所需要的“多功能”潜质。通过哌嗪基离子液体萃取脱硫等绿色化学方法，获得了清洁程度、热稳定性明显提高的吸热碳氢燃料基液。将多功能化纳米粒子与高质量的碳氢燃料基液合理配伍，制备了能够将抗氧化、强化传热、纳米催化和提高有效热沉等功能高度耦合于一体的纳米流体，形成了较佳的配方和制备路线。通过热稳定性、黏度、导热系数、界面张力等的系统测定，获得了纳米粒子种类、配体、尺度和加入量等对纳米流体性能的影响规律；通过热氧化、裂解、传热等热化学实验和高热流密度下的量热学测定，结合气、液产物分析，获得了纳米流体型碳氢燃料的有效热沉和换热安全性，以及相关热力学和动力学规律，并形成了一定的理论模型。已经发表学术论文34篇，授权发明专利3项。部分研究成果已经被国家科技工程某重大专项采纳。本项目可为液体推进剂研制新途径的探索提供重要理论基础。对推进我国新型吸热碳氢燃料研究、应用和航空航天事业发展作出了一定贡献。