结构增强型轻质高强微纳米复合材料的设计、力学特性及增强机制

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the instrument, equipment and parts design trend to be high-strength, light-weight, miniaturization, compact and efficient. It’s in urgent demand for new generation light-weight and high-strength composites. In this project, we will design and construct new type of micro/nano reinforced structure to realize the target of lightweight and high strength. controllable growth of light-weight and high-strength micro/nano materials will be studied, so that we will develop some new controllable synthesis methods. We will systematic study how to make micro/nano structure units ordered assemble at multi-scale and multi-level and develop some new methods to obtain a serious of new kinds of structural reinforced light-weight and high-strength micro/nano materials. Through advanced structure and mechanical properties characterization methods, surface properties, details of reinforced structure, mechanical performance will be explored, so that we will propose strengthening mechanism and summarize the property-structure rule. Finally, we will try to breakthrough micro/nano materials’ macro preparation bottleneck, realize their large-scale production by simplify the fabrication process, so that we can broaden their application. The development of this project can not only realize the preparation of new generation light-weight and high-strength materials, but also provide reference for the structural design and strengthening theory of light-weight and high-strength materials.

随着现代科学技术的快速发展，使得仪器、设备、部件的设计、生产向着高强度、轻量化、小型化、紧凑化、高效化方向发展，对于新型轻质高强复合材料的需求极为迫切。本项目通过设计并构建新型微纳米增强结构，实现材料的轻量化以及力学性能的提高。从轻质高强微纳米结构单元的可控生长出发，发展几种轻质高强微纳米结构单元的可控制备方法；系统性地研究微纳米结构单元多尺度、多级次有序组装的方法，实现一系列轻质高强复合微纳米材料的可控制备；利用先进的轻质高强复合微纳米材料表征方法，探究微纳米结构单元的表界面性质及微观有序组装结构，研究材料的整体力学性能及增强增韧机制，获得材料结构-性能之间的规律认识；突破微纳米材料宏量制备的瓶颈，实现规模化生产，探索轻质高强复合微纳米材料的应用价值。本项目的开展不仅能够实现新一代轻质高强材料的制备，且为轻质高强材料的结构设计与增强理论基础提供借鉴。

轻质高强材料在航空航天、武器装备等特种领域有重大的应用需求，可以有效实现装备减重及提升装备机动性、安全性等。轻质、高强、高韧等特性在传统结构材料中被认为是相悖的性能，难以同时实现。基于上述需求与挑战，本项目基于纳米材料的制备与组装、微结构仿生设计等，在复合材料中引入微纳增强结构，合成了多种轻质、高强、高韧微纳复合材料，并从微纳尺度研究了其构效关系，揭示其增强机制。我们发展了二维纳米材料的普适性合成方法，并对其物相进行调控，设计制备了包括氧化铝纳米片、氧化锆纳米片在内的一系列高强、高韧的纳米结构单元，并揭示了材料物相、结构与性能之间的关系；发展了双相冰模板法、层层组装等方法，实现了多种结构的宏观尺寸可控组装，如阵列结构、层状结构等，制备了包括层状石墨烯基复合材料、阵列增强羟基磷灰石基复合材料等多种轻质、高强、高韧微纳复合材料；微纳复合材料的力学性能进行系统的表征，如强度、韧性、硬度、模量等，利用先进的原位表征技术对其力学性能进行观察，揭示其增强增韧机制，如大范围裂纹扩展等；根据材料特性，积极探索了制备的结构增强微纳复合材料在航天热控涂层，飞行器天线罩等领域的应用前景。该项目的研究成果为新一代轻质高强材料的制备提供了一种新思路，也为材料的应用打下了一定的理论基础。