Metastasis and multi-drug resistance (MDR) are major causes of treatment failure and death for cancer patients. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the key proteins that mediate multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that acquirement of MDR often associated with enhanced invasion of cancer cells; however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In addition to function as a drug pump, we previously showed that P-gp also promotes invasiveness of cancer cells through interaction with Anxa2. Subsequently, we identified Rack1 and Src are novel binding proteins of P-gp, and small interference RNA mediated knockdown of Rack1 significantly inhibited invasion of MDR cancer cells as well as phosphorylation of Anxa2. As Src is well known as an upstream kinase of Anxa2, and a binding partner of Rack1, we hypothesize that Rack1 and Src may play pivotal roles in invasion of MDR cancer cells. In this study, we plan to use co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and siRNA methods to investigate the potential effect of Rack1 and Src on P-gp activity, Anxa2 phosphorylation and MDR cancer cells invasion, and we also want to clarify the details of how P-gp interacts with Rack1 and Src. In addition, we will also examine the potential effect of these proteins on activation of MAPK and Rho/Rac signaling pathway. Our study will illustrate the molecular mechanism of enhancement of cancer cell invasion induced by multidrug resistance.
转移和多药耐药是导致肿瘤患者治疗失败和死亡的主要原因,P-glycoprotein(P-gp)高表达是导致癌细胞发生多药耐药的关键原因。大量证据显示癌细胞获得多药耐药的同时常伴随着侵袭转移能力的增强,但是分子机制不明。前期研究证实P-gp通过与Anxa2相互作用促进了癌细胞的侵袭。随后又发现Rack1和Src是P-gp的结合蛋白质,而且Rack1表达下降抑制了细胞的侵袭和Anxa2的磷酸化。由于已知Src是Anxa2的上游激酶,也是Rack1的结合蛋白质,因此推测Rack1和Src介导了耐药肿瘤细胞的侵袭。本课题拟采用免疫共沉淀、免疫荧光、Western blotting、siRNA等实验技术,研究Rack1和Src对P-gp的活性和细胞侵袭的作用;明确三者的相互作用模式以及对MAPK和Rho/Rac信号通路的影响,阐明P-gp促进耐药肿瘤细胞侵袭转移能力增强的分子机制。
耐药肿瘤细胞往往具有更强的侵袭转移能力。前期研究发现耐药蛋白P-glycoprotein(P-gp)与膜磷脂蛋白Anxa2的相互作用是导致耐药细胞侵袭转移能力增强的关键原因,而Rack1和Src作为P-gp的结合蛋白能够促进耐药细胞的这种能力,但分子机制不明。本次研究发现:敲减Rack1的表达抑制了Anxa2的磷酸化,同时还减弱了乳腺癌耐药细胞的体外迁移侵袭和体内转移能力;在敲减Rack1的细胞中,恢复表达模拟持续磷酸化的Anxa2突变体,而非失去磷酸化的突变体能拯救细胞的迁移侵袭能力,说明磷酸化的Anxa2介导了Rack1促侵袭转移的作用;此外,敲减Src的表达或抑制其活性减弱了细胞的迁移侵袭能力,同时Anxa2的磷酸化发生下降;而敲减Rack1或Src以及抑制Src活性虽不影响P-gp的表达,但能抑制P-gp的活性并减弱细胞耐药能力;而Rack1缺失导致的Anxa2磷酸化下降、细胞侵袭转移能力抑制以及P-gp活性减弱均能够被恢复表达野生型Rack1,而不是失去Src结合能力的Rack1突变体所拯救,说明Rack1的这种作用是Src依赖性的。机制分析发现敲减Rack1不仅抑制了P-gp与Src和Anxa2的结合,还抑制了Src和Anxa2的结合,而敲减Src或Anxa2对P-gp与Rack1之间的结合没有影响,说明Rack1介导了P-gp与Src和Anxa2之间的结合。此外,本研究还发现Rack1和Src调控P-gp的活性与其介导Cavoelin-1(Cav1)的磷酸化有关。机制分析发现,敲减Rack1抑制了Src与Cav1之间的相互作用,但增强了P-gp与Cav1的结合;而敲减Src虽不影响P-gp与Rack1的结合,但能增强P-gp与Cav1间的相互作用,说明Rack1和Src通过介导Cav1的磷酸化影响其与P-gp结合从而调控P-gp的活性。此外,敲减Rack1或P-gp抑制了化疗药物诱导Erk1/2的磷酸化,但对生长因子诱导Erk1/2的激活没有显著影响,而且敲减Rack1和P-gp还能抑制细胞粘着斑的形成和细胞骨架F-actin的聚合。综上所述,本研究揭示了P-gp、Rack1、Src以及Anxa2之间的相互作用模式,以及促进乳腺癌耐药细胞侵袭转移和药物敏感性的作用机制,同时这些结果也提示抑制上述蛋白复合体有可能成为一种治疗耐药肿瘤的新策略。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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