形变和磁场调控复合材料柔性三维网络结构强化太阳能相变储热

In order to meet the development of flexible thermal storage technology, this project proposes to fabricate phase-change solar-thermal storage composites with flexible three-dimensional network structure and improve their comprehensive performances through mechanically and magnetically tuning their microstructure, thereby simultaneously realizing large capacity, fast charging and discharging, and non-leakage. Such form-stable composites that can directly harvest solar-thermal energy are prepared by using flexible polymer foam as the template, incorporating multi-structural carbon materials and chemically modifying their surfaces. The corresponding relationship between multi-scale structure of the composites and their solar-thermal storage performance will be established. Different forms of mechanical deformation are applied to the composites to dynamically tune their microstructure, solar absorption and thermal conduction properties. The mechanism for improving solar-thermal storage performance of the composites through mechanical deformation will be revealed. The mechanism for magnetic field to tune the structure and improve the solar-thermal storage performance of the phase-change composites will be elucidated. Coupled mechanical deformation and magnetic field are applied to tune the microstructure and prepare composites with optimized performances for new applications such as thermotherapy, thus paving the way for developing advanced phase-change-based solar-thermal storage technologies.

为满足柔性储热技术的发展需求，解决太阳能相变储热难以同时满足高储热容量、快速充放热、无泄漏的问题，项目提出构筑具有柔性三维网络结构的相变储热复合材料，基于机械形变和外磁场调控其微观结构，强化太阳能相变储热综合性能。通过以柔性多孔泡沫为模板，复合多级微纳结构碳材料并对其进行表面化学修饰，构筑能直接光照储热的定型相变复合材料，揭示其多尺度微结构与太阳能储热性能之间的构效关系；通过施加不同形式的形变，探索其影响复合材料微结构和吸光、导热性能的规律，揭示形变强化太阳储热性能的机制；通过构筑磁响应储热复合材料，阐明磁场对复合材料微观结构的调控规律，揭示磁场增强太阳能相变储热机制；基于形变和磁场的协同调控，制备综合性能优异的复合材料，并在热敷理疗等柔性储热领域中获得验证应用，为先进太阳能相变储热技术的发展提供科学依据和实践支持。

太阳能固液相变储热可以克服太阳光照间歇性、能量密度低的缺点，有望保障可再生热能的持续稳定应用。然而，固液相变材料普遍存在太阳光吸收率低、导热率低、熔化后易于泄露等问题，严重地制约了太阳能储热性能和应用。针对传统复合材料研究思路无法兼顾储热速率和储热容量的难题，本项目提出了引入机械形变和外磁场强化固液相变的策略，合成制备了还原氧化石墨烯、石墨烯量子点、褶皱石墨烯颗粒、介孔褶皱还原氧化石墨烯颗粒、介孔褶皱还原氧化石墨烯球、MXene等稳定分散的太阳能光热转换纳米材料，开发了金属铜泡沫和聚氨酯泡沫表面修饰改性技术，制备了三维定型太阳能光热骨架，可控负载有机石蜡、糖醇等固液相变材料，构筑出能够直接光照充热的定型太阳能固液相变储热复合材料；利用相变复合材料的机械柔韧性和磁响应性，开发了卷对卷连续充热技术和磁场引导移动式充热技术，构建了物理模型，揭示了移动式充热的作用机制及太阳能固液相变储热性能强化原理；探索了固液相变储热材料在太阳能储热、热敷理疗、热电转换、电子器件热管理等领域中的应用。此外，还设计构筑了基于界面蒸发的太阳能光热系统，应用于海水淡化、海盐收集、蒸汽灭菌、蒸发发电，构建了一体化太阳能光热储存与利用技术原型，助力我国双碳发展战略。