微型铷原子频标腔泡系统研究

As the most widely used atomic frequency standard, miniaturization is a major trend in the development of Rb atomic frequency standard (Rb-AFS) today. Its application in national defense for airborne or missile-borne has put forward higher requirements for miniaturization, broad environment adaptability and basically keeping the existing performance indexes etc. Accompanied with the increasing advance of these requirements for national defense and economic construction, further intensive research on the theory and techniques for Rb-AFS is becoming extremely urgent. The current project we desired will be concerned on the key physical unit --cavity-cell assembly in a Rb-AFS. By means of theoretical analysis, it could be achieved to reveal the key limiting factors on miniaturization of Rb-AFS, further elucidate the mechanisms of double resonance of "light-microwave", and explore the miniaturization methods for key units such as metal cavity, integrated cell. And finally, we would like to work out a superminiature microwave cavity (volume less than 4 mL) suitable for micro Rb-AFS by series of system simulations and tests. The vital significance of the current project is to lay the foundation for low power consumption and miniaturization of Rb-AFS, widening its application in the field of defense and civil communication, and improving the accuracy in synchronism and the communication speed in communication system, especially for the mobile one.

作为应用最为广泛的原子频标，铷原子频标小型化是其发展的重要方向。机载、弹载等国防应用已经对其提出了微型化、宽环境适应性及基本保持原有指标的更高要求。伴随这些日益提高的需求，进一步开展铷原子频标相关理论及技术研究，满足国民经济和国防建设的需要迫在眉睫。本申请项目拟以铷原子频标物理系统关键部件-腔泡系统为研究对象，通过理论分析解析影响铷原子频标微型化的各个关键限制因素，深入阐明"光-微波"双共振的机理，探索金属腔、集成滤光泡等核心部件微型化方法，最后通过仿真及系列试验，实现一种体积不大于4mL，适合于微型铷原子频标的超小型微波腔。本研究重要意义是为铷原子频标微型化奠定基础，拓宽铷原子频标在国防及民用通信领域使用范围；提高通信系统，特别是移动通信系统同步精度及通讯速率。

在信息化高速发展的今天，铷原子频标在导航定位系统、网络时间同步、精密测量等基础学科和国防领域有着重要应用；尤其是随着数字通信技术的飞速发展，越来越多的通信设备需要内置频率稳定度更高、频率复现性更好、体积更小的铷原子频标。本研究项目从微型铷原子频标腔泡系统着手，重点开展了以下几方面的研究：1）探讨了光-微波双共振的原理和微波场型的选择，发现作为圆柱形腔的主模，TE111模工作频带较宽，不易激励出其他的模式，适合作为微波腔小型化模式的选择；2）构建了微型腔泡系统的电磁仿真模型，通过将集成滤光吸收泡偏心放置，使填充介质大部分处于电场较强的位置，使微扰效果增强，可以大幅降低微波腔体积；并使集成滤光吸收泡处于磁场最强的区域之一；3）找出一种微调腔频的简单易行的方法，腔频调节范围约为50MHz，满足加工和手工装配误差要求；4）通过仿真及加工实物调试，确立了一组微型腔泡系统的参数， 腔泡系统体积约为4ml。以上这些研究为微型腔泡系统实现提供技术支撑，为铷原子频标信噪比提升提供一种技术途径。通过上述研究发表论文2篇，申请国家发明专利2项。