摄食、运动疲劳和运动训练对裂腹鱼游泳特性影响研究及评价

Fishpass facilities have significant meaning for the conservation of fish resources and genetic diversity. The design of the fishpass facilities must take fish swimming performance into consideration and the effects of feeding, fatigue and exercise on fish swimming performance is crucial to the design of fish passage facilities. In this study, the effects of feeding, fatigue and exercise on the swimming performance of the Schizothoracinae threatened by the hydropower development in the west of China will be studied. The Schizothoracinae will be tested under different feeding condition and different degree of fatigue and exercise, and the swimming performance of the Schizothoracinae is tested, focusing on the parameters of burst speed, prolonged swimming speed, swimming time, oxygen consumption, energy consumption, tail beat frequency and tail beat amplitude. The data will be fitted and analyzed by software SPSS and the response of Schizothoracinae swimming performance to feeding, fatigue and exercise is evaluated. Then, evaluation models will be built by software Origin and selected by the Akaike information criterion. Based on results of this study and the standard and regulation of fish passage design, the effects of feeding, fatigue and exercise on the fishpass design will be analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of fishpass facilities will be verified by the fish treated with appropriate food intake and exercise. The study will provide a reference for the design of fish passage.

修建过鱼设施对保护鱼类资源和保持遗传多样性稳定具有重要意义, 鱼类游泳特性是过鱼设施关键环节设计的重要依据, 鱼类摄食、运动疲劳和运动训练对游泳特性影响研究具有重要意义。本项目拟以我国西部水利开发涉及到的裂腹鱼为研究对象, 对目标鱼进行不同的摄食、运动疲劳和和训练处理, 以鱼类的爆发游泳速度、耐久游泳速度、游泳时间、耗氧率、耗能、摆尾幅度、摆尾频率等为重点指标, 利用SPSS等软件研究目标鱼游泳特性对摄食、运动疲劳和训练的响应关系, 利用Origin等建模软件建立相关评价模型并利用赤池信息量准则等模型判别方法对所得模型进行筛选。根据游泳特性评价模型和过鱼设施的设计理念和规范, 探讨鱼类摄食、运动疲劳和运动训练对过鱼设施设计的影响。然后选取适宜过鱼设施工程案例, 利用上述前期研究结果对过鱼目标进行适宜的摄食和运动训练处理, 使其在过鱼设施中运动并进行过鱼效果评估, 为过鱼设施设计提供参考。

修建水利工程对我国可持续发展战略具有重要意义, 但水利工程难免会阻断洄游性鱼类的洄游通道, 使其不能顺利完成生活史。为了帮助鱼类顺利洄游, 修建过鱼设施(如鱼道、升鱼机、集运鱼船、鱼闸、鱼泵、旁通管道)是一项非常重要的生态修复措施。鱼类游泳特性(包括游泳能力、生理代谢和运动形态等)是过鱼设施设计的关键因子。鱼类游泳特性受到摄食、运动疲劳、水温、体长等因素的影响。本项目以我国西部水利开发涉及到的裂腹鱼为研究对象, 测试了鱼类游泳特性(爆发游泳速度、耐久游泳速度、游泳时间、耗氧率、耗能、摆尾幅度、摆尾频率等为重点指标), 探讨了上述影响因素对游泳特性的影响, 并将测试结果应用于过鱼设施流速。. 重要结果如下: (1)耐久式游泳并休息30分钟后的爆发游泳速度恢复率为78.7%, 而爆发式游泳并休息30分钟后的爆发游泳速度恢复率为87.6%, 因此说明相对于爆发式游泳对鱼类疲劳产生的影响, 耐久式游泳对鱼类产生了程度更深的运动疲劳; (2)随着禁食时间的加长, 测试鱼临界游泳速度呈现小幅上升后逐步下降然后稳定的趋势。若禁食时间少于2天, 则对游泳能力影响不显著; 若禁食时间长于1周, 则其游泳能力会显著降低。若禁食时间少于1周, 对游泳效率影响不大, 当禁食时间大于2周, 则对游泳效率会产生较大影响。当测试鱼体内还有较多食物未消化完或机体出现饥饿胁迫时, 无氧呼吸能力则较弱; 当食物消化接近完毕时, 测试鱼无氧呼吸能力则较强; (3)通过对黄登水电站过鱼设施目标鱼类进行游泳能力测试后, 依据我国过鱼设施设规范, 建议该水电站过鱼设施(升鱼机系统)的进口诱鱼流速为0.37-0.87m/s, 集鱼通道的流速为0.17-0.5m/s, 集鱼池的流速为0.17-0.37m/s。