水下航行器泵喷推进器间隙流动及其对噪声特性影响的研究

Enhancing the propulsion efficiency and reducing the noise level of the propulsor is a bottleneck technology to improve the performance of underwater vehicle. While the pump jet propulsor is more and more widely used in underwater vehicle propulsion system because of its characteristics of high efficiency and low noise.In the process of selecting geometry parameters and controlling the flow field of the pump jet propulsor, tip clearance size and the associated flow field of jet pump propulsor have a huge impact on the pump jet propulsor flow field and noise characteristics.In the pump jet propulsor design process and numerical analysis, multiple-effect caused by tip clearance flow is an important issue pump to consider inevitably. The research is mainly concentrated on the tip clearance flow field and its effect on the noise characteristics of the pump jet propulsor in this project, which will establish pump jet propulsion tip clearance flow field numerical simulation method and noise performance prediction method, and reveal tip clearance flow field characteristics, and the influence law and effect mechanism of tip clearance flow on the pump jet propulsion hydrodynamic and noise performance, and build pump jet propulsor flow field and noise test methods to evaluate and correct the pump jet propulsor tip clearance flow field numerical simulation method and noise performance prediction method. Through the research carried in this project, it will provide numerical simulation method and experimental testing method for the pump jet propulsor clearance flow field and its impact on noise characteristics, and also provide a theoretical basis and technical reserves for the efficient low-noise pump jet propulsor development and application.

提高推进器的推进效率、降低推进器的噪声水平是制约水下航行器性能提升的瓶颈技术，而泵喷推进器以其高效、低噪的特点，越来越广泛地应用于水下航行器的推进系统中。在泵喷推进器几何参数的选择和流场控制过程中，叶顶间隙尺寸以及与之相关的间隙流动对泵喷推进器的水动力性能和噪声性能影响很大，由间隙流动引起的多重效应是泵喷推进器设计过程中势必要考虑的关键问题。本项目主要开展泵喷推进器间隙流动及其对噪声特性影响的研究，建立泵喷推进器间隙流场数值模拟方法和噪声性能预报方法，揭示泵喷推进器间隙流场特性、间隙流动对泵喷推进器水动力性能和噪声性能的影响规律及作用机理；建立泵喷推进器间隙流场及噪声测试方法，评价和修正泵喷推进器间隙流场数值模拟方法和噪声性能预报方法。通过本项目的研究，为泵喷推进器间隙流动及其对噪声特性影响的研究提供数值模拟方法和试验测试手段，为高效低噪泵喷推进器的研制和应用提供理论基础和技术储备。

水下航行器在军用和民用领域发挥越来越重要的作用,提高推进器的推进效率、降低推进器的噪声水平是制约现代水下航行器性能提升的瓶颈技术。泵喷推进器以其高效、低噪的特点，越来越广泛地应用于水下航行器的推进系统中。在泵喷推进器几何参数的选择和流场控制过程中，叶顶间隙尺寸以及与之相关的间隙流动对泵喷推进器的水动力性能和噪声性能影响很大，由间隙流动引起的多重效应是泵喷推进器设计过程中势必要考虑的关键问题。.项目主要开展泵喷推进器间隙流动及其对噪声特性影响的研究，包括：基于RANS方程和SST k-ω 湍流模型建立起来了泵喷推进器间隙流场数值模拟方法，对泵喷推进器三维流场进行了数值模拟，通过对推进器的水动力性能、压力场、速度场和转子叶梢泄涡的结构、生成和发展的研究，全面揭示了泵喷推进器间隙流场特性。基于Z-G-B空化模型和多相流模型建立了泵喷推进器空化流场数值模拟方法，对不同转速下，不同空泡数的工况下的泵喷推进器空化流场进行了数值模拟，通过对不同工况下泵喷推进器空化前后的水动力性能、压力场、空泡形态和发展的讨论，总结了泵喷推进器空化流场特性。对不同间隙尺寸模型的水动力性能和空化性能进行了对比，给出了间隙流动对泵喷推进器水动力性能和空化性能的影响规律。基于CFD和弱变分形式的Lighthill声类比理论建立了泵喷推进器噪声性能预报方法，对不同间隙的推进器水动力噪声进行了预报，通过对不同间隙下模型的压力脉动、声源特性、声压谱特性、指向性和衰减性的讨论，给出了泵喷推进器的噪声特性及间隙流动对泵喷推进器噪声性能的影响规律。研制了一套泵喷推进器样机，在高速水洞中开展水动力性能测试试验，最大推进效率为63.7%，与数值计算结果基本吻合，验证了数值计算方法的准确性。