电动汽车用绕组分离型同步磁阻永磁电机关键技术研究

A novel synchronous reluctance permanent magnet (SynREL-PM) machine employing separated windings is proposed for the applications in electric vehicles (EVs). The separated windings, combination of stator teeth with alternate size, Halbach array of ferrite-PM is adopted in the proposed machine, to achieve high torque density, low cost, high reliability, and multi-function of windings, etc. This study of this project consist of the following parts: combination of stator slots and rotor poles, accurate coupled multi-physics fields finite element model, design and optimization method of the design dimensions, static and dynamic mathematical models, coupling control and multi-function of armature current and excitation current, comprehensive evaluation of the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical behaviors based on the manufactured machine prototype and experimental platform. Finally, the proposed SynREL-PM machine will be compared to the interior PM synchronous machine systemically, which will further pay the foundation to future studies and applications of the proposed machine. The achievement based on the investigation of the proposed SynREL-PM machine will provide a novel low cost and high reliable solution to the propulsion system in EVs. Thus, the project has not only important scientific significance and academic value, but also broad application prospects.

针对电动汽车应用背景，创造性地提出一种绕组分离型同步磁阻永磁电机。电机采用分离型绕组结构、定子大小齿组合、Halbach铁氧体永磁阵列，具有转矩密度高、成本低、可靠性高、绕组工作模式多样等优点。研究采用分离型绕组时的齿槽配合方案和绕组连接形式；建立精确的多物理场耦合有限元模型；分析电机尺寸参数设计和优化方法；建立绕组分离型同步磁阻永磁电机的稳态和动态数学模型；探索电枢电流和励磁电流联调机制及多种联合工作模式；制造样机并构建实验系统，完成电磁-热-机械性能综合评估；开展绕组分离型同步磁阻永磁电机与内嵌式永磁同步电机的系统性比较，为后续研究与应用奠定基础。该绕组分离型同步磁阻永磁电机的研制成功，将为电动汽车用电机驱动系统提供一种新的低成本、高可靠解决方案。不仅具有重要的科学意义和学术价值，而且具有十分广阔的应用前景。

本课题围绕电动汽车用同步磁阻电机，考虑电机运行时的恒功率调速范围，研究了电机输出功率特性随电感参数的变化规律，得到d-q轴电感参数的选择依据。提出了设计了采用Halbach永磁阵列的永磁辅助式同步磁阻电机，提高了电机的功率密度和功率因数。综合分析和对比了分布式绕组同步磁阻电机和集中式绕组同步磁阻电机的性能，进行了优化设计。提出定子12槽/转子4极（12/4）的整数槽集中绕组的同步磁阻电机结构，在保留集中式绕组端部短，转矩密度大的优势的基础上，进一步减小了漏电感。更重要的是，所提出的12/4结构的电机可以采用转子斜极的结构，在保持平均转矩基本不变的同时，大幅降低了转矩脉动。推导了考虑d-q轴电感耦合效应的精确转矩方程，提高了转矩计算精度。建立了该电机的温度场-电磁场耦合有限元计算模型，提出了一种基于参数敏感度拟合的电磁性能快速分析方法，加工了电机样机，完成了实验验证。发表SCI收录期刊论文2篇，EI会议论文1篇，获授权发明专利3件。课题研究成果将为电动汽车用电机驱动系统提供一种新的低成本、高可靠解决方案。不仅具有重要的科学意义和学术价值，而且具有十分广阔的应用前景。