鲁棒的主动声纳相位编码波形设计

This project is focused on the waveform design of active sonar, which is located on the moving platform or detecting the moving underwater moving target in a complicated underwater environment. With theoretical analysis, computer simulation and tank test, a united framework including detection and resolution for the specific phase-coded waveform in active sonar is built up. In this framework, a nonlinear constraint optimization problem, where the detection probability is maximized and the upper limits of resolution is constrained, is provided. The practical impacts are also considered, such as reverberation, Doppler, time delay and frequency resolution ability. For the practical uncertainties from application, like the power spectrum fluctuation of reverberation and the unknown target echoes, a robust nonlinear constraint optimization problem for the phase-coded waveform of active sonar is constructed and the algorithm to find the global solution is urged, which is the main work of this project. The test of anechoic water tank will validate the feasibility and efficiency of the robust phase-coded waveform with the detailed test schedule. This project will provide an important theoretical foundation for one kind of nonlinear constraint optimization, and the final phase-coded waveform design and the detector in active sonar also give one good suggestion to other application area of active sonar.

针对复杂海洋环境下安装在动平台或者探测运动目标的主动声纳系统的波形设计问题，采用理论推导、计算机仿真和水池和湖试实验验证等手段，构建主动声纳相位编码波形的探测、分辨能力等一体化设计框架。以此为背景提出一个非线性约束最优化问题，以检测概率最大为代价函数，以分辨率上限为约束，既考虑混响、多普勒等因素的影响，又考虑了对多目标的时间和频率分辨能力。结合实际中存在的多种不确定因素，如混响功率谱的波动，未知的目标频率响应，换能器的频率响应等，提出了鲁棒的主动声纳相位编码波形设计算法。通过对该问题的理论分析和推导，得出一类非线性约束最优化问题的求解思路和算法，进而推广到其它研究领域。本项目还制定周密的实验计划，通过消声水池和湖试实验，验证本项目所提出的非线性约束最优化算法的可行性与正确性，并验证所设计的相位编码波形在实际环境中的鲁棒性能，为设计其它功能的主动声纳发射波形提供重要的理论依据和工程参考价值。

本项目针对声呐在水下应用过程中面临的众多不确定性问题，提出了一种鲁棒的相位编码波形设计问题。声呐的相位编码不同于雷达编码波形，存在水下声速慢、相对多普勒较大、水下情况更复杂等情形，不确定因素更大。本项目重点针对不确定条件下的鲁棒检测、高分辨的时延估计、高多普勒宽容性的相位编码设计，推导了计算相位编码的最优化算法，并进行了仿真。另外，针对换能器的频率响应和混响状态下的波形设计，提出了已知信道散射函数下的最佳波形设计，可以避开混响和干扰较强的频率成分。针对上述研究，开展了计算机仿真研究和消声水池的实验研究，利用本项目提出的算法证实了其性能，实验数据分析表明，设计的相位编码波形达到了预期的效果。. 在本项目的资助下，发表了4篇SCI索引论文，1篇EI索引论文； 出国参加了3次国际会议，培养了3名硕士研究生和2名博士生。项目获得的成果与其他技术相互支撑，申报并获批了3项科研项目，部分成果已经应用到国防科技中。