海洋环境与目标的准静态电磁探测理论与方法

Quasi-static electromagnetic probing methods for oceanic environment and targets have great academic value for oceanic security and economy. Taking typical oceanic target magnetic anomaly detection and gas-hydrate electromagnetic exploration as perspective applications, the present project is aimed to investigating the related common basic theory and key techniques. Extended applications include study of oceanic electromagnetic environment, electromagnetic detection/probing of a range of oceanic targets/resources. The project will commence with establishing mathematical models for the quasi-static electromagnetic characteristics of various environmental factors and targets. Original processing methods will be developed to handle the vast of observed data. Experiments will be conducted using aeromagnetic system and underwater data collection apparatus. Novelties include more accurate signal/interfere/noise models, extraction method for weak electromagnetic information, target detection based on combined characteristics, undersea electromagnetic sounding using hybrid natural and controlled sources, processing and interpretation of a mountain of collected data. The objectives include advancing both the theoretic and technological levels related to electromagnetic probing of oceanic environment and targets, developing hybrid source undersea data recording system and aeromagnetic recording/processing apparatus, as well as fostering high-level talents dedicated to electromagnetic detection of oceanic targets and resources.

海洋环境与目标的准静态电磁探测方法研究对加强国家海洋安全和海洋经济建设具有重大意义。本项目以典型海洋目标磁异常探测和海底电性异常体电磁探测为应用导向，开展相关的共性基础理论和关键技术研究，应用前景可拓展到许多海洋目标和海底资源电磁探测领域。项目从环境与目标的准静态电磁特性数学建模着手，开发基于物理模型的微弱信息处理技术，并进行空中、水面和海底实验研究。项目主要创新性包括建立更加精确的环境与目标信号模型，提出改进的航磁干扰补偿模型和算法，提出新的微弱电磁信息处理方法，提出多特征联合目标检测方法，发展天然源和可控源混合源海底电磁探测技术，提出海底大量采集数据的有效处理与解释方法。通过本项目研究，提升对海洋环境与目标电磁探测的理论与技术水平，形成具有自主知识产权的水下混合场源电磁数据采集成套设备、空中和水面平台磁异常数据采集和处理样机，培养一批从事海洋目标和资源电磁探测的高水平人才。

本项目面向海下目标磁异常探测和海底天然气水合物电磁探测应用背景，开展相关的基础理论与技术开发及验证研究。针对海下磁异常目标探测，主要研究了目标与环境特性建模，基于航空平台的磁干扰补偿方法与目标信号检测算法，以及光泵原子磁力仪数据采集器研制。目标与环境特性模型，至少包括三类典型信号（偶极信号、轴频信号和磁尾迹信号）和三类典型干扰（平台干扰、日变干扰和地质干扰），并且部分地得到实验检验。磁干扰补偿和信号检测算法利用了适应滤波和机器学习等先进方法，部分算法获得实际应用。数据采集器主要指标接近国外同类产品水平。针对海底天然气水合物可控源电磁探测，开发了海洋发射机和海下电磁接收机，以及海底电性异常体参数反演软件。发射机和接收机关键指标（比如发射电流大于1500A、接收机功耗小于0.5W），以及参数反演软件的主要性能等，均达到国际水平。特别地，本项目参与了大量的海上实验，飞行实验达数十架次，海下实验超过200个站点，积累了丰富的实测基础数据，具有重要价值。海洋安全维护和海底资源勘探是国家的战略发展方向，本项目成果不仅具有学术意义，部分成果已经在实际中得到验证和应用，将为国家后续的海洋目标与海底资源电磁探测提供坚实基础。