手状孢丝孢菌(cheirosporous hyphomycetes)的资源、分类与分子系统学研究

The cheirosporous hyphomycetes are the hypomycete species producing pigmented cheiroid or digitate conidia. This group of fungi is speciose and widely distributed; and it is closely related to human life. But only a few investigations on cheirosporous hyphomycetes have been reported in China. Considering the high biodiversity in China, many new species of cheirosporous hyphomycetes are expected. As the morphological characters of cheirosporous hyphomycetes vary with their habitats, the traditional classification system based on morphological data are facing various challenges, mainly including: 1) The distinctions between some generic are artificial; and it is difficult to distinguish the similar genera of cheirosporous hyphomycetes; 2) The phenotypic plasticity of cheirosporous hyphomycetes is different, which often lead to mistakes of taxonomy and identification. In this study, a comprehensive investigation will be conducted to reveal the species richness of cheirosporous hyphomycetes in China. The systematics of cheirosporous hyphomycetes will be studied based on combined data of multi-gene phylogeny and morphological characters. We aim to: 1) determine the classification placements of the genera of cheirosporous hyphomycetes; 2) remove the heterogeneous species from each genus of cheirosporous hyphomycetes to ensure the monophyly; 3) find out the stable and reliable phenotypic characters for the identification of cheirosporous hyphomycete species based on the comparison of phenotypic and molecular data. Our research will provide a basic database for the precise identification of cheirosporous hyphomycete species and background knowledge for agriculture, industry and medicine etc.

手状孢丝孢菌是指产生手状 (cheiroid) 或掌状 (digitate) 分生孢子的丝孢菌，该类群分布广，种类多，与人类生产和生活息息相关。国内对该类群的研究报道较少，其物种资源亟待发掘。手状孢丝孢菌形态特征易受环境影响，传统形态分类存在许多问题，主要包括：系统学地位无法确定、属间界限不明确及属内相似种易误鉴等。因此，本项目将系统调查我国手状孢丝孢菌物种资源，采用形态学与多基因系统发育分析相结合的多相分类方法，以模式菌株和模式标本为基础，对其进行系统学研究：1）阐明手状孢丝孢菌各属的系统分类地位；2）清理异质性种类，保证各属的单系性；3）对比分子系统发育与形态研究，重新评估分类特征，确定能反映该类真菌自然亲缘关系的稳定可靠特征。本研究将为该类真菌的准确鉴定提供客观、可靠的依据，并建立趋于自然的分类系统，为植物病虫害防治、农业可持续发展、真菌有益代谢产物开发利用等诸多领域奠定生物学基础。

手状孢丝孢菌是指产生手状 (cheiroid) 或掌状 (digitate) 分生孢子的丝孢菌，该类群分布广，种类多，与人类生产和生活息息相关。国内对该类群的研究报道较少，其物种资源亟待发掘。手状孢丝孢菌形态特征易受环境影响，传统形态分类存在许多问题，主要包括：系统学地位无法确定、属间界限不明确及属内相似种易误鉴等。因此，本项目将系统调查我国手状孢丝孢菌物种资源，采用形态学与多基因系统发育分析相结合的多相分类方法，以模式菌株和模式标本为基础，对其进行系统学研究：1）阐明手状孢丝孢菌各属的系统分类地位；2）清理异质性种类，保证各属的单系性；3）对比分子系统发育与形态研究，重新评估分类特征，确定能反映该类真菌自然亲缘关系的稳定可靠特征。本研究将为该类真菌的准确鉴定提供客观、可靠的依据，并建立趋于自然的分类系统，为植物病虫害防治、农业可持续发展、真菌有益代谢产物开发利用等诸多领域奠定生物学基础。通过为期3年的研究，从江西、湖北、福建、浙江、北京、云南、贵州、广西等地采集了1万余份样品，收集保藏真菌菌株2000多株，均保藏在江西农业大学。这些菌种为后续真菌系统学及资源开发利用等奠定了基础。本研究发表真菌新物种6个，另有待发表新种5个；发表学术论文11篇，其中SCI收录论文10篇；培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生5名，其中1名已毕业。通过本项目的实施，从菌种资源、基础理论、人才储备等多方面促进了我国真菌学发展，为植物病虫害防治、农业可持续发展、真菌有益代谢产物开发利用等诸多领域奠定了基础。