基于性能化防火的超高层建筑竖向贯通空间优化设计研究——以粤港澳大湾区超高层建筑为例

With the development of urban high density and the promotion of the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay, the traditional fire protection design method becomes something difficult to be applied in the space design trends of this type of building. The researche on the optimization for the vertical penetrating space of super high-rise buildings based on performance fire protection design method has not appeared in any reports in both domestic and foreign articles. According to the characteristics of super high-rise buildings in the fire, such as smoke spreads vertically too fast，overlong longitudinal evacuation line, and the difficulties of high area rescue, the area where the key fire prevention technologies are located are summarized. It extracts the typical spatial types of fire protection——vertical penetrating space and analyzes the spatial elements. Conduct simulation experiment for the “vertical penetrating space” by using performance-based simulation software ——pyrosim、buildingEXODUS、pathfinder, analyzing the index of fire smoke spread rate, smoke temperature, visibility, escape rate, total escape time, it reveals the smoking spreading patterns and the evacuation patterns. Contrasting the influence of various spatial elements on the texture of vertical through space fire，it clarifies optimum size range, plane shape, height interval of space elements and explores into the optimization design strategy for the “vertical penetrating space” of high-rise buildings. The conclusion contribute to the breakthrough in the incompatibility between the traditional fire codes and the super high-rise buildings. It also enhances the safety assurance capability of such buildings.

随着城市高密度开发和粤港澳大湾区建设推进，传统防火设计方法逐渐难以适用超高层建筑的空间发展趋势，基于性能化防火设计方法，研究超高层建筑某一典型空间类型的优化设计在国内外文献中鲜有报道。本研究根据超高层建筑在火灾过程中烟气竖向蔓延过快、纵向疏散流线过长和高区救援困难等特点，归纳其防火难点所在区域，提炼防火典型空间类型——竖向贯通空间，分析其空间要素。使用软件pyrosim、buildingEXODUS、pathfinder对竖向贯通空间进行火灾模拟，分析火灾烟气蔓延速率、烟气温度、可见度、人员逃生速率、总逃生时间等相关指标，揭示其火灾烟气蔓延和人员疏散规律。对比在竖向贯通空间中各空间要素对竖向贯通空间火灾肌理的影响情况，阐明空间要素的最优尺寸范围、平面形状、高度区间等，探索超高层建筑竖向贯通空间优化设计策略。结论有助于弥补现行防火规范与超高层建筑发展的不适性，提升其安全保障能力。

随着城市高密度开发，传统防火设计方法逐渐难以适用超高层建筑的空间发展趋势，基于性能化防火设计方法，研究超高层建筑某一典型空间类型的优化设计在国内外文献中鲜有报道。本研究根据超高层建筑在火灾过程中烟气竖向蔓延过快、纵向疏散流线过长和高区救援困难等特点，完成了超高层竖向贯通空间的界定、分类及火灾风险的分析，确立了针对此类空间的性能化防火设计方法。针对中庭、塔冠、核心筒和玻璃幕墙缝隙空间，构建了各类超高层竖向贯通空间的烟气蔓延与人员疏散对比模拟实验，使用软件pyrosim、buildingEXODUS、pathfinder对竖向贯通空间进行火灾模拟，分析火灾烟气蔓延速率、烟气温度、可见度、人员逃生速率、总逃生时间等相关指标，揭示了其火灾烟气蔓延和人员疏散规律，并形成了各类超高层建筑竖向贯通空间防火技术集成，结合建筑设计一般规律，凝练成超高层竖向贯通空间性能化防火与疏散设计策略。研究成果前瞻性地提升了现行规范对超高层竖向贯通空间使用安全保障度，创新性揭示了此类空间烟气蔓延和人员逃生对安全疏散效率的双重影响机制。