追赶战略下产品集成企业的产业技术链治理研究

The technology development of Chinese typical discrete manufacturing industry must experience the reverse catching-up from the product architecture technology, the core component technology to the industry frontier R&D. since the reform and opening-up, depending on the continuous technology importation and low manufacturing cost, China has became the important discrete manufacturing base of all the world, but the development of discrete manufacturing industries still faces the lack of the control of industrial dominant design (technology standard), the importation dependence of core-component and the weakness of integrated capability on terminal product, which are caused by the absence of industrial technology chain governance of Chinese product integrator. So based on the systematic definition and the dynamic development law of the industrial technology chain, this research explores the divisions and features of the technology chain governance, and further analyze the front governance and the rear governance of the industrial technology chain. This selected research drives from the business practice of Chinese companies, so it has important theoretical significance and practical value for China to cultivate the product integrator with competitiveness in the international market to push forward the development of the important discrete manufacturing industries.

我国典型离散制造业的技术发展需经历从产品架构技术到产品元件技术再到产业前沿研发的产业技术链逆向追赶。改革开放以来，依托持续的技术引进和低廉的生产成本，我国已跃居成为世界重要的离散产品制造基地，但离散制造业的发展仍面临着终端产品集成能力不强、核心元件主要依赖进口和产业主导设计（技术标准）话语权缺失的深层次问题，其根本原因是由我国产品集成企业的产业技术链治理缺位造成的。对此，本研究将基于离散制造业产业技术链的系统界定和动态发展规律，探讨我国产品集成企业的产业技术链治理中所存在的模式划分和特征，并重点分析从产业前沿研发向产品元件（核心元件）技术发展的产业技术链前端治理和从产品元件（核心元件）技术向产品架构技术发展的产业技术链末端治理。由于此选题来自于我国企业实践，将对我国当前培育具有国际市场竞争力的产品集成企业来推动关键离散制造业的发展具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。

长期以来，我国多数产品集成企业成为了终端产品的生产装配基地，产品技术标准和核心元件严重外部依赖。因此争夺对整个产业技术链乃至核心技术链的话语权已是当务之急。对此我国产品集成企业的技术追赶应由传统的终端产品推动型向产业技术链治理型转变，逐步占领产业价值链的高端环节。本研究依据产业价值链理论，创造性提出了产业技术链相关概念，立足我国企业的技术追赶现状，通过对多个典型产业的对比分析，对产业技术链内涵及动态发展规律进行了界定分析，以此为基础进一步提出了我国产品集成企业的产业技术链治理模式，并重点分析了产业技术链的末端治理和前端治理，针对性的提出了产业技术链的治理对策。不仅为我国产品集成企业实现产业技术链关键环节突破提供了建议，而且为整条产业技术链的治理提供了依据。