半干旱覆盖农田土壤水热梯度驱动的SPAC水热互作过程及其对玉米生长的影响

Whole field surface mulched and ridge-furrow planting (MRFP) could gather rainwater, inhibit evaporation, regulate soil temperature and improve crop yield, therefore planting area have increased year by year. Recently, the effect of MRFP on crop productivity and soil nutrient characteristics had well documented, however, there are few studies focused on the interaction between thermal-moisture conduction and crop growth. Based on the 3-year term field experiment, the soil temperature, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and crop developmental would be investigated, soil temperature gradient, soil moisture gradient during the soil warming, stable temperature and maintain temperature stage would be calculated. Incorporated with the results of control experiment, to analyses the interaction between thermal-moisture conduction and crop growth, clarify the effect of moisture and heat transfer and interaction on crop water use and development in soil plant-atmosphere continuum, the study would provide a theoretical basis for the use of limited precipitation.

覆盖垄沟种植集雨抑蒸、调温、显著增产而大面积推广。目前，对覆盖垄沟种植增产效应和土壤养分特性进行了研究，而对覆盖后土壤水热梯度驱动下的土壤-作物-大气体系（SPAC）水热传导规律与作物生长的相互作用仍需进一步分析。本研究在已有试验基础上，依托3年大田定位试验，通过周年定点测定不同覆盖的土壤水温、蒸发蒸腾、作物发育动态等，计算土壤增温期、稳定期、保温期土壤温度梯度和湿度梯度，结合对应的空白试验测定结果，从“覆盖后周年气温变化后作物/土壤的响应—大气-植物边界层状况—作物发育状况—植物-土壤界面状况—土壤水热传导及互作特性”角度，分析覆盖垄沟种植后土壤水热梯度驱动下SPAC系统水热互作过程与玉米发育之间的相互关系，阐明覆盖种植SPAC体系热量、水分传输及二者的互作过程对玉米生长发育的影响，这一工作可为半干旱区高效利用有限降水提供理论依据。